Medical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Microb Pathog. 2023 Sep;182:106271. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106271. Epub 2023 Jul 28.
Epigenetics, a field of study focused on cellular gene regulation independent of DNA sequence alterations, encompasses DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA modification. Epigenetics processes play a pivotal role in governing the life cycles of viruses, enabling their transmission, persistence, and maintenance with in host organisms. This review examines the epigenetics regulation of diverse virus including orthomoxyviruses, coronavirus, retroviridae, mononegavirales, and poxviruses among others. The investigation encompasses ten representative viruses from these families. Detailed exploration of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying each virus type, involving miRNA modification, histone modification and DNA methylation, sheds light on the intricate and multifaceted epigenetic interplay between viruses and their hosts. Furthermore, this review investigates the influence of these epigenetic processes on infection cycles, emphasizing the utilization of epigenetics by viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to regulate gene expression during chronic or latent infections, control latency, and transition to lytic infection. Finally, the paper explores the novel treatments possibilities stemming from this epigenetic understanding.
表观遗传学是一个专注于细胞基因调控而不受 DNA 序列改变影响的研究领域，包括 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰和 microRNA 修饰。表观遗传过程在病毒的生命周期中起着关键作用，使它们能够在宿主生物体内传播、持续存在和维持。本综述检查了不同病毒的表观遗传学调控，包括正粘病毒、冠状病毒、逆转录病毒科、单负链病毒和痘病毒等。该研究包括来自这些家族的十种代表性病毒。详细探讨了每种病毒类型的表观遗传机制，包括 miRNA 修饰、组蛋白修饰和 DNA 甲基化，揭示了病毒与其宿主之间复杂多样的表观遗传相互作用。此外，本综述还研究了这些表观遗传过程对感染周期的影响，强调了 Epstein-Barr 病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）等病毒利用表观遗传来调节慢性或潜伏感染期间的基因表达、控制潜伏期和向裂解感染的转变。最后，本文探讨了源自这种表观遗传学理解的新治疗可能性。
