Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
Viruses. 2017 Nov 17;9(11):346. doi: 10.3390/v9110346.
It is increasingly clear that DNA viruses exploit cellular epigenetic processes to control their life cycles during infection. This review will address epigenetic regulation in members of the polyomaviruses, adenoviruses, human papillomaviruses, hepatitis B, and herpes viruses. For each type of virus, what is known about the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and regulatory RNA in epigenetic regulation of the virus infection will be discussed. The mechanisms used by certain viruses to dysregulate the host cell through manipulation of epigenetic processes and the role of cellular cofactors such as BRD4 that are known to be involved in epigenetic regulation of host cell pathways will also be covered. Specifically, this review will focus on the role of epigenetic regulation in maintaining viral episomes through the generation of chromatin, temporally controlling transcription from viral genes during the course of an infection, regulating latency and the switch to a lytic infection, and global dysregulation of cellular function.
越来越明显的是，DNA 病毒在感染期间利用细胞表观遗传过程来控制它们的生命周期。这篇综述将讨论多瘤病毒、腺病毒、人乳头瘤病毒、乙型肝炎病毒和疱疹病毒成员中的表观遗传调控。对于每种类型的病毒，将讨论 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰、核小体定位和调节 RNA 在病毒感染的表观遗传调控中的作用。某些病毒通过操纵表观遗传过程和细胞辅助因子（如已知参与宿主细胞途径表观遗传调控的 BRD4）来失调宿主细胞的机制也将涵盖在内。具体来说，本综述将重点讨论表观遗传调控在通过生成染色质维持病毒外显子体、在感染过程中暂时控制病毒基因的转录、调节潜伏期和向裂解感染的转变以及全局失调细胞功能方面的作用。
