Ebrahimi Vida, Yarahmadi Rasoul, Salehi Masoud, Ashtarinezhad Azadeh
Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Air Pollution Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Heliyon. 2023 Jul 13;9(7):e18195. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18195. eCollection 2023 Jul.
The nail salon industry has grown considerably, but there are serious concerns about the health risks associated with working in this field. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the exposure of nail technicians to BTEX. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 49 salons, and NIOSH Method 1501 was used to measure the concentration of BTEX in the breathing zone of technicians. The EPA method was used to assess health risks. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The mean concentrations of toluene were (82.65 ± 198.84µg/m)µg/m, followed by benzene (10.58 ± 9.62µg/m), p-xylenes (20.77 ± 37.79µg/m), o-xylene (13.79 ± 25.70µg/m), and ethylbenzene (29.35 ± 58.26µg/m) , that lower than the permissible exposure limits suggested by NIOSH. Among the BTEX, toluene (82.65 ± 198.84µg/m) has the most concentration in the nail salons. It was also discovered through multiple linear regression analysis that humidity had a significant effect on increasing the concentration of toluene (Beta = 0.50, P-value = 0.001) and ethylbenzene (Beta = 0.16, P = 0.049), while there was a considerable association between the number of services performed and benzene concentration (Beta = 0.34, P = 0.010). The average inhalation lifetime cancer risk for benzene (4.9 × 10 ±4.5 × 10) was higher than the recommended value set by the US EPA. Although the concentrations of BTEX were lower than the maximum permissible limits, the results of the cancer risk assessment for benzene showed that working in nail salons with poor ventilation is hazardous. Therefore, exposure can be minimized by ensuring appropriate ventilation in the workplace and using safe products.
美甲沙龙行业发展迅速，但人们对该行业工作所带来的健康风险深感担忧。因此，本研究旨在调查美甲师接触苯系物（BTEX）的情况。对49家美甲沙龙进行了横断面研究，采用美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）1501方法测量美甲师呼吸区域内BTEX的浓度。采用美国环境保护局（EPA）方法评估健康风险。使用SPSS软件进行统计分析。甲苯的平均浓度为（82.65±198.84µg/m）µg/m，其次是苯（10.58±9.62µg/m）、对二甲苯（20.77±37.79µg/m）、邻二甲苯（13.79±25.70µg/m）和乙苯（29.35±58.26µg/m），均低于NIOSH建议的允许接触限值。在BTEX中，甲苯（82.65±198.84µg/m）在美甲沙龙中的浓度最高。通过多元线性回归分析还发现，湿度对甲苯浓度升高有显著影响（β=0.50，P值=0.001）和乙苯浓度升高有显著影响（β=0.16，P=0.049），而服务项目数量与苯浓度之间存在显著关联（β=0.34，P=0.010）。苯的平均吸入终生癌症风险为（4.9×10±4.5×10），高于美国EPA设定的推荐值。尽管BTEX的浓度低于最大允许限值，但苯的癌症风险评估结果表明，在通风不良的美甲沙龙工作存在危险。因此，通过确保工作场所适当通风并使用安全产品，可以将接触风险降至最低。
