Elhag Wafa, Elamin Bahaeldin K, Idris Ebtehal, Elsheikh Azza, Ghaleb Khaled, Fallatah Ibtihal, Hassan Doaa, Elkhalifa Mahmoud, Moglad Ehssan, Eleragi Ali
Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Microbiology Unit), College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Infect Drug Resist. 2023 Jul 25;16:4845-4856. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S418629. eCollection 2023.
Understanding COVID-19's onset and clinical effects requires knowing host immune responses.
To investigate the presence of IgM, IgG, and cytokine levels (IL-2 and IL-6) in individuals with COVID-19 who have had their diagnosis confirmed by PCR.
This cross-sectional research included 70 adult ICU patients from King Abdullah Hospital in Bisha, Saudi Arabia. Subjects gave two blood samples. After hospital release, only 21 patients provided the second sample. Each patient provided a sample upon admission. Quantitative ELISAs evaluated IL-2, IL-6, and SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG antibodies.
All patients were critically ill and unvaccinated against COVID-19. 46 (65.7%) of the patients were male, and their age range was 33-98 years (with a mean age of 66.5); 24.3%) were 51-61 years old. IgG was positive in all patients, although IgM predominated in 57/70 (81.4%) (6-1200 IU/mL). Total data analysis yielded these results. IL-6 was calculated at 10-1900 ng/mL, whereas IL-2 was 4-280. Discharged hospital patients had a statistically significant increase in IgM and IgG (P = 0.01, 0.004) but a statistically insignificant decline in IL-6 and IL-2 (P = 0.761, 0.071). Low IgM levels increased hospital stays. The study found lengthier hospital stays with higher IgG levels.
The identification of IgM and IgG antibodies, greater IL-6 levels, and lower IL-2 levels can help diagnose and monitor COVID-19 infection.
了解新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的发病情况和临床影响需要了解宿主免疫反应。
调查经聚合酶链反应（PCR）确诊的COVID-19患者体内免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）及细胞因子水平（白细胞介素-2（IL-2）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6））。
这项横断面研究纳入了沙特阿拉伯比沙阿卜杜拉国王医院的70名成年重症监护病房患者。受试者提供两份血样。出院后，只有21名患者提供了第二份样本。每位患者入院时提供一份样本。采用定量酶联免疫吸附测定法评估IL-2、IL-6以及严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）特异性IgM和IgG抗体。
所有患者病情严重，且未接种COVID-19疫苗。46名（65.7%）患者为男性，年龄范围为33至98岁（平均年龄66.5岁）；24.3%的患者年龄在51至61岁之间。所有患者的IgG均呈阳性，不过在57/70（81.4%）的患者中IgM占主导（6至1200国际单位/毫升）。总体数据分析得出以下结果。IL-6的测定值为10至1900纳克/毫升，而IL-2为4至280。出院患者的IgM和IgG有统计学意义的升高（P = 0.01，0.004），但IL-6和IL-2有统计学意义不显著的下降（P = 0.761，0.071）。低IgM水平会延长住院时间。研究发现IgG水平越高，住院时间越长。
IgM和IgG抗体的检测、较高的IL-6水平以及较低的IL-2水平有助于诊断和监测COVID-19感染。
