Afzal Sidra, Qayyum Mubashir, Chambashi Gilbert
National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences FAST Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
School of Business Studies, Unicaf University, Longacres, Lusaka, Zambia.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jul 31;13(1):12392. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-39176-5.
The modeling and analysis of hybrid nanofluid has much importance in industrial sector where entropy optimization is the key factor in different processes. This mechanism is also used in medical industry, where it can be used for separation of blood cells (red and white blood cells, platelets and plasma) by centrifuge process, treating cancers, and drug transport. In light of this importance, current study is focused on mathematical modeling and analysis of blood based hybrid nanofluid between rotating disks with various shapes of nanoparticles. The shape factors are taken into account with Hamilton-Crosser model as spherical, brick, cylinder and platelet in the current scenario, with special reference to entropy optimization. In order to solve modeled nonlinear and non-dimensional system, optimal homotopy analysis approach is utilized through Wolfram MATHEMATICA 11.3 software. Error estimation and convergence analysis confirms that obtained semi-analytical solutions are valid and reliable. Velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are analyzed against important fluid parameters. Fluid velocity decreased in all directions when unsteady parameter [Formula: see text] and Darcy number Da increased while the slip parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decreased the nanofluid velocity. It is observed that in case of brick shaped nanoparticles, fluid temperature is enhanced as compared to other shape factors in the study. Minimal entropy generation is captured in case of spherical nanoparticles, while highest heat transfer is observed in platelet shaped nanoparticles. Furthermore, numerical optimization of entropy is performed against different values of [Formula: see text] and volume fractions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Minimized entropy is recovered to be zero when [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
混合纳米流体的建模与分析在工业领域具有重要意义，其中熵优化是不同过程中的关键因素。这种机制也应用于医疗行业，可用于通过离心过程分离血细胞（红细胞、白细胞、血小板和血浆）、治疗癌症以及药物输送。鉴于此重要性，当前研究聚焦于对具有各种形状纳米颗粒的旋转圆盘间基于血液的混合纳米流体进行数学建模与分析。在当前情况下，形状因子通过汉密尔顿 - 克罗斯模型考虑为球形、砖形、柱形和血小板形，特别提及熵优化。为求解建模的非线性和无量纲系统，通过Wolfram MATHEMATICA 11.3软件采用最优同伦分析方法。误差估计和收敛分析证实所获得的半解析解是有效且可靠的。针对重要的流体参数分析了速度、温度和浓度分布。当非稳态参数[公式：见原文]和达西数Da增加时，流体在所有方向上的速度降低，而滑移参数[公式：见原文]和[公式：见原文]降低了纳米流体的速度。观察到在砖形纳米颗粒的情况下，与研究中的其他形状因子相比，流体温度有所升高。在球形纳米颗粒的情况下捕获到最小的熵产生，而在血小板形纳米颗粒中观察到最高的热传递。此外，针对[公式：见原文]的不同值以及体积分数[公式：见原文]和[公式：见原文]进行了熵的数值优化。当[公式：见原文]、[公式：见原文]和[公式：见原文]时，最小化的熵恢复为零。
