Glycolytic enzyme PKM2 regulates cell senescence but not inflammation in the process of osteoarthritis.

Chondrocyte senescence is an important mechanism underlying osteoarthritis in the senile population and is characterized by reduced expressions of the extracellular matrix proteins. The involvement of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the development of osteoarthritis is inclusive. The present study aims to investigate the role of the glycolytic enzyme M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) in chondrocytes in senescence and inflammation. Primary chondrocytes are isolated from the knee joints of neonatal mice. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against PKM2 are transfected using lipofectamine. RNA sequencing is conducted in primary chondrocytes with the gene deleted. Cell apoptosis, autophagy, reactive oxygen species measurement, and senescent conditions are examined. The glycolytic rate in cells is measured by Seahorse examination. Interleukin 1-β (IL-1β) increases the protein expressions of matrix metallopeptidases (MMP)13 and PKM2 and reduces the protein expression of collagen type II (COL2A1) in primary chondrocytes. Silencing of alters the protein expressions of MMP13, PKM2, and COL2A1 in the same pattern in quiescent and stimulated chondrocytes. RNA sequencing analysis reveals that silencing reduces senescent biomarker p16 expression. Compared with low-passage chondrocytes, high-passage chondrocytes exhibit increased expression of p16 and reduced expression of COL2A1. Silencing of reduces SA-β-Gal signals and increases COL2A1 expression in high-passage chondrocytes. Seahorse assay reveals that deletion favors the tricarboxylic acid cycle in mitochondria in low- but not in high-passage chondrocytes. In summary, the glycolytic enzyme PMK2 modulates chondrocyte senescence but does not participate in the regulation of inflammation.