de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium.
Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nat Metab. 2021 Jan;3(1):11-20. doi: 10.1038/s42255-020-00321-3. Epub 2021 Jan 4.
The skeleton is diverse in its functions, which include mechanical support, movement, blood cell production, mineral storage and endocrine regulation. This multifaceted role is achieved through an interplay of osteoblasts, chondrocytes, bone marrow adipocytes and stromal cells, all generated from skeletal stem cells. Emerging evidence shows the importance of cellular metabolism in the molecular control of the skeletal system. The different skeletal cell types not only have distinct metabolic demands relating to their particular functions but also are affected by microenvironmental constraints. Specific metabolites control skeletal stem cell maintenance, direct lineage allocation and mediate cellular communication. Here, we discuss recent findings on the roles of cellular metabolism in determining skeletal stem cell fate, coordinating osteoblast and chondrocyte function, and organizing stromal support of haematopoiesis. We also consider metabolic dysregulation in skeletal ageing and degenerative diseases, and provide an outlook on how the field may evolve in the coming years.
骨骼在功能上具有多样性，包括机械支撑、运动、血细胞生成、矿物质储存和内分泌调节。这种多方面的作用是通过成骨细胞、软骨细胞、骨髓脂肪细胞和基质细胞的相互作用实现的，所有这些细胞都来源于骨骼干细胞。新出现的证据表明细胞代谢在骨骼系统的分子控制中具有重要作用。不同的骨骼细胞类型不仅具有与其特定功能相关的独特代谢需求，而且还受到微环境限制的影响。特定代谢物控制骨骼干细胞的维持、直接谱系分配，并介导细胞间通讯。在这里，我们讨论了细胞代谢在决定骨骼干细胞命运、协调成骨细胞和软骨细胞功能以及组织造血基质支持方面的最新发现。我们还考虑了骨骼衰老和退行性疾病中的代谢失调，并展望了该领域在未来几年可能的发展方向。
