Ambrosini Roberto, Imperio Simona, Cecere Jacopo G, Andreotti Alessandro, Serra Lorenzo, Spina Fernando, Fattorini Niccolò, Costanzo Alessandra
Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milano, 20133, Italia.
Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Via Ca' Fornacetta 9, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), 40064, Italia.
Mov Ecol. 2023 Aug 1;11(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s40462-023-00407-z.
The study of the timing of migration is fundamental to the understanding of the ecology of many bird species and their response to climate change, and it has important conservation and management implications e.g., for assessing the hunting seasons according to the EU Directive 2009/147/EC (Birds Directive).
We developed a new method for the analysis of ringing data (both first capture and re-encounters) and citizen science observations, to assess the timing of pre- and post-nuptial migration of birds. This method was tested on the Song Thrush Turdus philomelos, using i) the Bird Ringing Database hosted by the ISPRA Italian Ringing Centre from the whole Italian peninsula, the three closest large islands (Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica), and Canton Ticino (Switzerland) and ii) the eBird data for the same study area.
The results from both datasets consistently showed that pre-nuptial migration starts during the first 10-day period of January (Jan 1) in some central and southern areas of the Italian peninsula, in central Sicily, southern Sardinia, and Corsica. The onset of migration occurs on Jan 2 in the rest of central and southern Italy, Sicily and Sardinia, and western Liguria, while it starts later in the north-eastern Alps, up to Mar 3. The end of post-nuptial migration is more synchronous, occurring on Nov 1 across most of Italy, slightly earlier (Oct 3) in northern Italy and later (Nov 2) in Sicily. The uncertainty of the estimated dates was < 2 days in most cases.
This method represents a novel and valuable tool for the analyses of the timing of migration using ringing and citizen science data and provides an important contribution to the Key Concepts Document of the EU Birds Directive, where migration timings are considered and used to define the hunting period of birds.
研究鸟类迁徙时间对于理解许多鸟类的生态习性及其对气候变化的响应至关重要，并且对保护和管理具有重要意义，例如根据欧盟指令2009/147/EC（鸟类指令）评估狩猎季节。
我们开发了一种新方法，用于分析环志数据（首次捕获和再次相遇）以及公民科学观测数据，以评估鸟类婚前和婚后迁徙的时间。该方法在歌鸫（Turdus philomelos）上进行了测试，使用了：i）由意大利环境、领土与海洋保护局（ISPRA）意大利环志中心托管的整个意大利半岛、三个最邻近的大岛屿（西西里岛、撒丁岛和科西嘉岛）以及提契诺州（瑞士）的鸟类环志数据库，以及ii）同一研究区域的eBird数据。
两个数据集的结果一致表明，在意大利半岛的一些中部和南部地区、西西里岛中部、撒丁岛南部和科西嘉岛，婚前迁徙于1月的第一个10天期间（1月1日）开始。意大利中部和南部的其他地区、西西里岛、撒丁岛以及利古里亚西部的迁徙开始于1月2日，而在阿尔卑斯山东北部则开始得较晚，直至3月3日。婚后迁徙的结束时间更为同步，在意大利大部分地区于11月1日发生，在意大利北部稍早（10月3日），在西西里岛稍晚（11月2日）。在大多数情况下，估计日期的不确定性小于2天。
该方法是一种利用环志和公民科学数据分析迁徙时间的新颖且有价值的工具，为欧盟鸟类指令的关键概念文件做出了重要贡献，其中迁徙时间被考虑并用于确定鸟类的狩猎期。
