Rutgers Global Health Institute and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Nutr Sci. 2023 Jul 19;12:e80. doi: 10.1017/jns.2023.66. eCollection 2023.
Relatively little is known about how the diet of chronically undernourished children may impact cardiometabolic biomarkers. The objective of this exploratory study was to characterise relationships between dietary patterns and the cardiometabolic profile of 153 3-5-year-old Peruvian children with a high prevalence of chronic undernutrition. We collected monthly dietary recalls from children when they were 9-24 months old. At 3-5 years, additional dietary recalls were collected, and blood pressure, height, weight, subscapular skinfolds and fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipid profiles were assessed. Nutrient intakes were expressed as average density per 100 kcals (i) from 9 to 24 months and (ii) at follow-up. The treelet transform and sparse reduced rank regress'ion (RRR) were used to summarize nutrient intake data. Linear regression models were then used to compare these factors to cardiometabolic outcomes and anthropometry. Linear regression models adjusting for subscapular skinfold-for-age -scores (SSFZ) were then used to test whether observed relationships were mediated by body composition. 26 % of children were stunted at 3-5 years old. Both treelet transform and sparse RRR-derived child dietary factors are related to protein intake and associated with total cholesterol and SSFZ. Associations between dietary factors and insulin were attenuated after adjusting for SSFZ, suggesting that body composition mediated these relationships. Dietary factors in early childhood, influenced by protein intake, are associated with cholesterol profiles, fasting glucose and body fat in a chronically undernourished population.
关于长期营养不良儿童的饮食如何影响心血管代谢生物标志物，人们知之甚少。本探索性研究的目的是描述 153 名 3-5 岁秘鲁儿童饮食模式与心血管代谢特征之间的关系，这些儿童普遍存在慢性营养不良。我们在儿童 9-24 个月大时每月收集一次饮食回忆。在 3-5 岁时，还收集了额外的饮食回忆，并评估了血压、身高、体重、肩胛下皮褶和空腹血糖、胰岛素和血脂谱。营养素摄入量表示为每 100 千卡的平均密度 (i) 从 9 个月到 24 个月，(ii) 在随访时。树状小波变换和稀疏降秩回归 (RRR) 用于总结营养素摄入数据。然后使用线性回归模型将这些因素与心血管代谢结果和人体测量进行比较。然后使用线性回归模型，调整肩胛下皮褶 - 年龄评分 (SSFZ) ，测试观察到的关系是否通过身体成分介导。3-5 岁时，26%的儿童生长迟缓。树状小波变换和稀疏 RRR 衍生的儿童饮食因素均与蛋白质摄入有关，与总胆固醇和 SSFZ 相关。在调整 SSFZ 后，饮食因素与胰岛素之间的关联减弱，表明身体成分介导了这些关系。在慢性营养不良人群中，儿童早期受蛋白质摄入影响的饮食因素与胆固醇谱、空腹血糖和体脂肪有关。
