Jamneankal Tanawis, Kiatrungrit Komsan, Arunakul Jiraporn, Korpaisarn Sira, Auapisithwong Suthra
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand.
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Gen Psychiatr. 2023 Jul 28;36(4):e100980. doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2022-100980. eCollection 2023.
Many people who are gender variant have undiagnosed gender dysphoria, resulting in delayed receipt of gender-affirming support and prolonged distress in living with their gender-non-conforming sex. The Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale-Gender Spectrum (UGDS-GS) is a newly developed tool that measures dissatisfaction with gender identity and expression. However, there is no translated version of this tool in Thai. Moreover, the sensitivity, specificity and cut-off point of the UGDS-GS to detect gender dysphoria in people who are transgender remain unknown.
This study translated the UGDS-GS into Thai and then examined the validity and reliability of the Thai UGDS-GS.
185 participants with and without gender dysphoria were selected from the Gender Variation Clinic in Ramathibodi Hospital and from social media platforms. The UGDS-GS was translated into Thai according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on translation. The medical records of patients with gender dysphoria and semi-structured interviews were used to confirm the diagnosis of gender dysphoria. Subsequently, the validity and reliability of the instrument were analysed.
The mean age of participants was 30.43 (7.98) years among the 51 assigned males (27.6%) and 134 assigned females (72.4%) at birth. The Thai UGDS-GS average score was 77.82 (9.71) for those with gender dysphoria (n=95) and 46.03 (10.71) for those without gender dysphoria (n=90). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.962, showing excellent internal consistency. In addition, exploratory factor analysis showed compatibility with the original version's metrics. The value of the area under the curve was 0.976 (95% confidence interval: 0.954 to 0.998), indicating outstanding concordance. At the cut-off point of '60', sensitivity and specificity were good (96.84% and 91.11%, respectively).
The Thai UGDS-GS is an excellent, psychometrically reliable and valid tool for screening gender dysphoria in clinical and community settings in Thailand. The cut-off point of '60' scores suggests a positive indicator or a high chance of gender dysphoria.
许多性别认同不同的人患有未被诊断出的性别焦虑症，导致获得性别肯定支持的时间延迟，以及在以不符合其性别规范的生理性别生活时长期痛苦。乌得勒支性别焦虑量表 - 性别谱系（UGDS - GS）是一种新开发的工具，用于测量对性别认同和表达的不满。然而，该工具尚无泰语翻译版本。此外，UGDS - GS在检测跨性别者的性别焦虑症方面的敏感性、特异性和临界点仍不明确。
本研究将UGDS - GS翻译成泰语，然后检验泰语版UGDS - GS的有效性和可靠性。
从拉玛蒂博迪医院的性别变异诊所和社交媒体平台选取了185名有或无性别焦虑症的参与者。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的翻译指南将UGDS - GS翻译成泰语。使用性别焦虑症患者的病历和半结构化访谈来确诊性别焦虑症。随后，分析该工具的有效性和可靠性。
在51名出生时被指定为男性（27.6%）和134名出生时被指定为女性（72.4%）的参与者中，平均年龄为30.43（7.98）岁。有性别焦虑症的参与者（n = 95）的泰语版UGDS - GS平均得分为77.82（9.71），无性别焦虑症的参与者（n = 90）平均得分为46.03（10.71）。克朗巴哈系数为0.962，显示出出色的内部一致性。此外，探索性因素分析表明与原始版本的指标具有兼容性。曲线下面积值为0.976（95%置信区间：0.954至0.998），表明一致性出色。在临界点“60”时，敏感性和特异性良好（分别为96.84%和91.11%）。
泰语版UGDS - GS是一种用于在泰国临床和社区环境中筛查性别焦虑症的优秀、心理测量可靠且有效的工具。“60”分的临界点表明是性别焦虑症的阳性指标或高可能性。
