Xie Xudong, Li Tiantian, Xu Shuai, Yu Yingyue, Ma Yifeng, Liu Zhen, Ji Ming
School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
Key Laboratory for Behaviour and Cognitive Neuroscience of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.
Hum Factors. 2024 Jul;66(7):1844-1859. doi: 10.1177/00187208231191389. Epub 2023 Aug 2.
This study investigated the effect of auditory working memory task on situation awareness (SA) and eye-movement patterns in complex dynamic environments.
Many human errors in aviation are caused by a lack of SA, and distraction from auditory secondary tasks is a serious threat to SA. However, it remains unclear how auditory working memory tasks affect SA and eye-movement patterns.
Participants (n = 28) were randomly allocated to two groups and received different periods of visual search training (short versus long). They subsequently completed a situation awareness measurement task in three auditory secondary task conditions (without secondary task, auditory calculation task, and auditory 2-back task). Eye-movement data were collected during the situation awareness measurement task.
The auditory 2-back task significantly reduced overall SA, Level 1 SA, dwell times, and total percentage of fixation time on task-related areas of interests in the SA measurement task. Overall SA and Level 3 SA were not reduced by the auditory 2-back task in individuals in the longer visual search training time condition.
Auditory working memory load impairs SA in the perception and projection stage; however, greater experience can overcome impairment of SA in the projection stage.
This study provided possible approaches to preventing loss of SA: (1) improving crew members' communication skills to ensure the accurate and clear transmission of information, reducing the difficulty of processing information, and (2) providing targeted cognitive training tailored to each pilot's level of experience.
本研究调查了在复杂动态环境中，听觉工作记忆任务对态势感知（SA）和眼动模式的影响。
航空领域中的许多人为错误是由态势感知不足引起的，而来自听觉次要任务的干扰对态势感知构成严重威胁。然而，目前尚不清楚听觉工作记忆任务如何影响态势感知和眼动模式。
参与者（n = 28）被随机分为两组，并接受不同时长的视觉搜索训练（短训练时长与长训练时长）。随后，他们在三种听觉次要任务条件下（无次要任务、听觉计算任务和听觉2-回溯任务）完成了一项态势感知测量任务。在态势感知测量任务期间收集眼动数据。
在态势感知测量任务中，听觉2-回溯任务显著降低了整体态势感知、一级态势感知、注视时长以及在与任务相关的感兴趣区域上的注视时间总百分比。在视觉搜索训练时间较长的个体中，听觉2-回溯任务并未降低整体态势感知和三级态势感知。
听觉工作记忆负荷在感知和投射阶段会损害态势感知；然而，更丰富的经验可以克服投射阶段态势感知的损害。
本研究提供了预防态势感知丧失的可能方法：（1）提高机组人员的沟通技能，以确保信息准确清晰地传递，降低信息处理难度；（2）根据每位飞行员的经验水平提供有针对性的认知训练。
