Division Water Quality and Health, Karl-Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria.
Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2023 Nov;135(21-22):597-608. doi: 10.1007/s00508-023-02241-0. Epub 2023 Aug 2.
Vibrio cholerae, an important human pathogen, is naturally occurring in specific aquatic ecosystems. With very few exceptions, only the cholera-toxigenic strains belonging to the serogroups O1 and O139 are responsible for severe cholera outbreaks with epidemic or pandemic potential. All other nontoxigenic, non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae (NTVC) strains may cause various other diseases, such as mild to severe infections of the ears, of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts as well as wound and bloodstream infections. Older, immunocompromised people and patients with specific preconditions have an elevated risk. In recent years, worldwide reports demonstrated that NTVC infections are on the rise, caused amongst others by elevated water temperatures due to global warming.The aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge gained during the past two decades on V. cholerae infections and its occurrence in bathing waters in Austria, with a special focus on the lake Neusiedler See. We investigated whether NTVC infections have increased and which specific environmental conditions favor the occurrence of NTVC. We present an overview of state of the art methods that are currently available for clinical and environmental diagnostics. A preliminary public health risk assessment concerning NTVC infections related to the Neusiedler See was established. In order to raise awareness of healthcare professionals for NTVC infections, typical symptoms, possible treatment options and the antibiotic resistance status of Austrian NTVC isolates are discussed.
霍乱弧菌是一种重要的人类病原体，自然存在于特定的水生生态系统中。除极少数例外，只有属于 O1 和 O139 血清群的霍乱产毒菌株才会导致具有流行或大流行潜力的严重霍乱暴发。所有其他非产毒、非 O1/非 O139 的霍乱弧菌（NTVC）菌株可能引起各种其他疾病，如耳部、胃肠道和泌尿道的轻度至重度感染以及伤口和血液感染。老年人、免疫功能低下者和有特定前提条件的患者风险增加。近年来，全球报告表明，NTVC 感染呈上升趋势，这主要是由于全球变暖导致水温升高所致。
本综述的目的是总结过去二十年来在奥地利沐浴水中获得的关于霍乱弧菌感染及其发生的知识，特别关注 Neusiedler See 湖。我们调查了 NTVC 感染是否增加以及哪些特定的环境条件有利于 NTVC 的发生。我们介绍了目前可用于临床和环境诊断的最新方法概述。针对与 Neusiedler See 相关的 NTVC 感染，初步建立了公共卫生风险评估。为了提高医疗保健专业人员对 NTVC 感染的认识，讨论了典型症状、可能的治疗选择以及奥地利 NTVC 分离株的抗生素耐药性状况。
