Fernández-Abreu Anabel, Bravo-Fariñas Laura, Águila-Sánchez Adalberto, Cruz-Infante Yanaika, Falcón-Márquez Rosabel, Toledo-Romaní María E, León-Venero María de Los Ángeles, Hernández-Martínez Jenny L, Baldoquín-Rodríguez Waldermar, Germán-Almeida Ángel M
Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute (IPK), Havana, Cuba.
Ministry of Public Health, Havana, Cuba.
MEDICC Rev. 2022 Oct 31;24(3-4):24-29. doi: 10.37757/MR2022.V24.N3-4.4.
Vibrio cholerae is a microorganism that causes acute diarrheal diseases and cholera, one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, especially in children under five years old. It is present in many regions and has been isolated from diverse sources such as water, soil and food. Surveillance of this microorganism in Cuba from 1985 through June 1997 showed circulation of non-epidemic non-O1/non-O139 serogroups, but surveillance continued to identify distribution of V. cholerae serotypes and serogroups in the different geographic regions of the country during the following years, due to the risk of introducing cholera-causing serogroups that provoked cholera epidemics in other countries of the region.
Describe the temporal‒spatial distribution of serogroups and serotypes of V. cholerae in Cuba.
A cross-sectional study was conducted that included isolates from passive surveillance of V. cholerae in 16 hygiene and epidemiology centers throughout Cuba from July 1997 through December 2019, submitted to the National Reference Laboratory for Acute Diarrheal Diseases of the Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute in Havana, Cuba. The timeline was subdivided into three five-year periods and one eight-year period. The centers submitting isolates were grouped into three geographical regions: western, central and eastern Cuba. A total of 1060 V. cholerae isolates were studied, from the 1438 samples sent from 15 Provincial Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology Centers and the Municipal Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology Center of the Isle of Youth Special Municipality. Genus, species and serotype of all specimens were studied and reviewed in the context of the outbreaks of acute diarrheal diseases reported in the country.
All 1060 isolates were confirmed as V. cholerae. In the distribution by time period and region, the highest percentage occurred in the 2012‒2019 period, and the eastern region contributed the most isolates in all periods. Approximately 63.9% (677/1060) were from outbreaks, and in the 2012‒2019 period, the most epidemic-causing isolates came from the western region. Approximately 52.8% (560/1060) were identified as non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae, and 47.2% (500/1060) as O1 V. cholerae; of these, 96.4% (482/500) corresponded to Ogawa serotype and 3.6% (18/500) to Inaba. Circulation of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae occurred throughout the entire period. The O1 serogroup began to circulate in 2012 and continued through 2016; however, since 2017, it has not been identified again. In the western region, there were smaller percentages of isolates of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae in all periods, except 2012‒2019. In that period, V. cholerae O1 was identified to a lesser degree in the central region.
Vibrio cholerae circulated in all three Cuban regions during the years studied, with a higher percentage of isolates of the non-O1/non-O139 serogroup, which caused outbreaks or sporadic cases of diarrhea in the eastern region, with the exception of the 2012‒2019 period, when epidemic outbreaks of the O1 serogroup (which causes cholera) occurred in all three regions, with higher percentages in the western region.
霍乱弧菌是一种可引发急性腹泻疾病和霍乱的微生物，霍乱是全球发病和死亡的主要原因之一，尤其在五岁以下儿童中。它存在于许多地区，并且已从水、土壤和食物等多种来源中分离出来。1985年至1997年6月期间在古巴对这种微生物的监测显示非流行的非O1/非O139血清群在传播，但由于存在引入可在该地区其他国家引发霍乱疫情的霍乱致病血清群的风险，在接下来的几年里，监测仍继续确定该国不同地理区域中霍乱弧菌血清型和血清群的分布情况。
描述古巴霍乱弧菌血清群和血清型的时空分布。
开展了一项横断面研究，纳入了1997年7月至2019年12月期间古巴16个卫生与流行病学中心对霍乱弧菌被动监测的分离株，这些分离株被提交至古巴哈瓦那佩德罗·库里热带医学研究所的国家急性腹泻疾病参考实验室。时间线被细分为三个五年期和一个八年期。提交分离株的中心被分为三个地理区域：古巴西部、中部和东部。共研究了1060株霍乱弧菌分离株，这些分离株来自15个省级卫生、流行病学和微生物学中心以及青年岛特别市的市卫生、流行病学和微生物学中心送检的1438份样本。在该国报告的急性腹泻疾病暴发背景下，对所有标本的属、种和血清型进行了研究和审查。
所有1060株分离株均被确认为霍乱弧菌。在按时间段和区域的分布中，最高百分比出现在2012 - 2019年期间，并且在所有时间段中东部地区贡献的分离株最多。约63.9%（677/1060）来自暴发，在2012 - 2019年期间，最具疫情引发性的分离株来自西部地区。约52.8%（560/1060）被鉴定为非O1/非O139霍乱弧菌，47.2%（500/1060）为O1霍乱弧菌；其中，96.4%（482/500）对应小川血清型，3.6%（18/500）对应稻叶血清型。非O1/非O139霍乱弧菌在整个期间都有传播。O1血清群于2012年开始传播并持续至2016年；然而，自2017年以来，未再发现。在西部地区，除2012 - 2019年外，所有时间段中非O1/非O139霍乱弧菌分离株的百分比都较低。在该时期，O1霍乱弧菌在中部地区的鉴定率较低。
在所研究的年份里，霍乱弧菌在古巴的所有三个地区都有传播，非O1/非O139血清群的分离株百分比更高，该血清群在东部地区引发了腹泻暴发或散发病例，但2012 - 2019年除外，在该期间O1血清群（引发霍乱）在所有三个地区都出现了疫情暴发，在西部地区的百分比更高。
