Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
PLoS One. 2023 Aug 2;18(8):e0289494. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289494. eCollection 2023.
Young people use social media to communicate about self-harm and suicide and this is associated with both potential risks and protective effects. The #chatsafe guidelines were originally developed in 2018 to equip young people to communicate safely online about suicide. They were shown to be safe, acceptable, and beneficial; however, they do not provide guidance on self-harm, and social media is constantly evolving. This study aimed to update the #chatsafe guidelines to reflect new evidence and current social media affordances, and to include guidance on self-harm.
A Delphi expert consensus study was conducted, comprising six stages: 1) A systematic search of peer-reviewed and grey literature; 2) A series of roundtables with key stakeholders including social media companies, policymakers, and young people; 3) Questionnaire development; 4) Expert panel formation; 5) Data collection and analysis; and 6) Guideline development.
A total of 191 items were included in the new #chatsafe guidelines. These were organised into eight themes, which became the overarching sections of the guidelines: 1) General tips; 2) Creating self-harm and suicide content; 3) Consuming self-harm and suicide content; 4) Livestreams of self-harm and suicide acts; 4) Self-harm and suicide games, pacts, and hoaxes; 6) Self-harm and suicide communities; 7) Bereavement and communicating about someone who has died by suicide; and 8) Guidance for influencers.
The new guidelines include updated and new information on online communication about self-harm, livestreams, games, pacts, and hoaxes, as well as guidance for influencers. They will be disseminated via a national social media campaign and supported by a series of adult-facing resources. Given the acceptability of the original guidelines and the ubiquitous use of social media by young people, it is hoped that the new guidelines will be a useful resource for young people and adults alike, both in Australia and worldwide.
年轻人利用社交媒体交流自残和自杀问题，这既存在潜在风险，也具有保护作用。#chatsafe 指南最初是在 2018 年制定的，旨在使年轻人能够安全地在线交流有关自杀的问题。事实证明，这些指南是安全、可接受和有益的；然而，它们并没有提供关于自残的指导，而且社交媒体在不断发展。本研究旨在更新#chatsafe 指南，以反映新的证据和当前的社交媒体功能，并纳入关于自残的指导。
进行了一项德尔菲专家共识研究，包括六个阶段：1）对同行评议和灰色文献进行系统搜索；2）与社交媒体公司、政策制定者和年轻人等主要利益攸关方进行一系列圆桌会议；3）问卷制定；4）专家小组组成；5）数据收集和分析；6）指南制定。
新的#chatsafe 指南共纳入了 191 项内容。这些内容被组织成八个主题，成为指南的主要部分：1）一般提示；2）创作自残和自杀内容；3）消费自残和自杀内容；4）自残和自杀行为的直播；4）自残和自杀游戏、契约和恶作剧；6）自残和自杀社区；7）丧亲之痛和交流某人自杀身亡的情况；8）对影响者的指导。
新指南包括关于在线交流自残、直播、游戏、契约和恶作剧的更新和新信息，以及对影响者的指导。它们将通过全国性的社交媒体活动进行传播，并辅以一系列面向成人的资源。鉴于原始指南的可接受性以及年轻人普遍使用社交媒体的情况，希望新指南能成为澳大利亚乃至全世界年轻人和成年人的有用资源。
