College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, People's Republic of China.
National Agro-technology Extension and Service Center, No. 20, Maizidian street, Chaoyang district, Beijing City 100125, People's Republic of China.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2023 Aug;194:105487. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105487. Epub 2023 Jun 7.
Recently, the herbicide fomesafen has frequently failed to control the troublesome weed Ipomoea nil in soybean fields in Liaoning Province, China. Hence, we collected 10 suspected resistant populations and evaluated their sensitivity to fomesafen. The results revealed various degrees of Ipomoea nil resistance to fomesafen, with a resistance index of 2.88 to 22.43; the highest value occurred in the LN3 population. Therefore, the mechanisms of the resistance in LN3 to fomesafen were explored. After fomesafen treatment, the expression levels of InPPX1 and InPPX2 genes were 4.19- and 9.29-fold higher, respectively, in LN3 than those in the susceptible (LN1) population. However, mutations and copy number variations were not detected between the two populations. Additionally, malathion pretreatment reduced the dose necessary to halve the growth rate of LN3 by 58%. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry demonstrated that metabolism of fomesafen was significantly suppressed by malathion. Moreover, LN3 displayed increased reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity, which was represented by higher superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities after fomesafen application than those in LN1. An orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis revealed that the high resistance in LN3 could be attributed mainly to enhanced metabolism. Fortunately, the fomesafen-resistant I. nil remained sensitive to 2,4-D-ethylhexylester and bentazon, providing methods for its control.
最近，除草剂氟磺胺草醚在中国辽宁省的大豆田中经常无法控制麻烦的空心菜。因此，我们收集了 10 个疑似抗性种群，并评估了它们对氟磺胺草醚的敏感性。结果表明，空心菜对氟磺胺草醚表现出不同程度的抗性，抗性指数为 2.88 至 22.43；最高值出现在 LN3 种群中。因此，我们探索了 LN3 对氟磺胺草醚抗性的机制。在氟磺胺草醚处理后，LN3 中 InPPX1 和 InPPX2 基因的表达水平分别比敏感（LN1）种群高 4.19 倍和 9.29 倍。然而，在这两个种群之间没有检测到突变和拷贝数变异。此外，马拉硫磷预处理降低了使 LN3 生长速率减半所需的剂量，降低了 58%。液质联用表明马拉硫磷显著抑制了氟磺胺草醚的代谢。此外，LN3 表现出增强的活性氧清除能力，在应用氟磺胺草醚后，超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性比 LN1 更高。正交偏最小二乘判别分析表明，LN3 中的高抗性主要归因于增强的代谢。幸运的是，抗氟磺胺草醚的空心菜仍然对 2,4-D-乙基己酯和苯达松敏感，为其控制提供了方法。
