Zhang Yiping, Feng Dongyan, Jia Chengcheng, Huang Wangqi, Xu Feng, Jiang Yalian, Huang Junhong, Li Ye, Wang Jihua, Tang Dongsheng
Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China.
Yunnan Flower Breeding Key Laboratory, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 May 22;14(11):1572. doi: 10.3390/plants14111572.
Marigold ( L.), a crop of significant medicinal, ornamental, and economic value, faces severe industrialization challenges due to weed-induced yield losses (up to 60%). This study aims to identify safe and highly efficient herbicides for marigold, assess their effects on dominant weeds and crop safety, and provide a practical basis for large-scale cultivation. We evaluated 11 pre-emergence herbicides, 13 post-emergence herbicides, and agronomic practices (plastic mulch) through three field trials to optimize weed control, crop safety, and productivity. In Experiment 1, pre-emergence applications of pendimethalin (35% SC) and oxyfluorfen (240 g/L EC) under plastic mulch suppressed 85-99% of grass and broad-leaved weeds, elevating marigold yield to 1655.6 kg/667 m and increasing lutein content by 10.7% compared to controls, with no phytotoxicity to subsequent wheat ( L.)or broad beans ( L.). Experiment 2 demonstrated that post-cultivation soil treatment with metolachlor · oxyfluorfen · pendimethalin (50% EC) enhanced weed suppression (47.8-53.6%) and yield (3.4% increase) while ensuring crop safety. Experiment 3 revealed that the post-emergence herbicides haloxyfop-P-methyl (108 g/L EC) and fomesafen (250 g/L SL) achieved over 92% reduction in grass weed biomass and over 75% reduction in broadleaf weed density, respectively, alongside a 6.1% yield improvement. Therefore, region-specific strategies are recommended based on local agronomic conditions: high-value production zones should adopt integrated systems combining plastic mulch with pre-emergence herbicides; arid lands with extended crop rotation intervals require pre-emergence herbicides after intertillage and earthing-up; labor-abundant regions can rotate targeted post-emergence herbicides to delay resistance evolution. This study provides data-driven optimization strategies for comprehensive weed management in marigold fields, offering practical solutions to enhance industrial productivity and ecological sustainability.
万寿菊（Tagetes erecta L.）是一种具有重要药用、观赏和经济价值的作物，但由于杂草导致产量损失（高达60%），面临严峻的产业化挑战。本研究旨在确定对万寿菊安全且高效的除草剂，评估其对优势杂草的防除效果及对作物的安全性，为大规模种植提供实践依据。我们通过三项田间试验评估了11种苗前除草剂、13种苗后除草剂及农艺措施（地膜覆盖），以优化杂草防除、作物安全性和生产力。在试验1中，地膜覆盖条件下苗前施用二甲戊灵（35%悬浮剂）和乙氧氟草醚（240克/升乳油）可抑制85%-99%的禾本科和阔叶杂草，与对照相比，万寿菊产量提高至1655.6千克/667平方米，叶黄素含量增加10.7%，且对后续种植的小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）或蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）无药害。试验2表明，用异丙甲草胺·乙氧氟草醚·二甲戊灵（50%乳油）进行苗后土壤处理可增强杂草抑制效果（47.8%-53.6%）并提高产量（增加3.4%），同时确保作物安全。试验3显示，苗后除草剂高效氟吡甲禾灵（108克/升乳油）和乙羧氟草醚（250克/升水剂）分别使禾本科杂草生物量减少92%以上，阔叶杂草密度降低75%以上，产量提高6.1%。因此，建议根据当地农艺条件制定因地制宜的策略：高价值生产区应采用地膜覆盖与苗前除草剂相结合的综合体系；作物轮作间隔期长的干旱地区在中耕培土后需要施用苗前除草剂；劳动力丰富的地区可轮换使用针对性的苗后除草剂以延缓抗性发展。本研究为万寿菊田杂草综合管理提供了数据驱动的优化策略，为提高产业生产力和生态可持续性提供了切实可行的解决方案。
