University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece.
Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. & P. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece.
Curr Neuropharmacol. 2024;22(5):976-989. doi: 10.2174/1570159X21666230801151718.
Synthesis of functional MRI (fMRI) and functional connectivity (FC) analysis data on human stress system (SS) function, as it relates to the dynamic function of the Salience (SN), Default Mode (DMN) and Central Executive (CEN) networks.
Systematic search of Medline, Scopus, Clinical Trials.gov, and Google Scholar databases of studies published prior to September 2022 resulted in 28 full-text articles included for qualitative synthesis.
Acute stress changes the states of intra-/inter- neural network FCs and activities from those of resting, low arousal state in the SN, DMN and CEN, during which intra- and inter-network FCs and activities of all three networks are low. SS activation is positively linked to the activity of the SN and negatively to that of the DMN, while, in parallel, it is associated with an initial decrease and a subsequent increase of the intra- network FC and activity of the CEN. The FC between the DMN and the CEN increases, while those between the SN and the CEN decrease, allowing time for frontal lobe strategy input and "proper" CEN activity and task decision. SN activation is linked to sensory hypersensitivity, "impaired" memory, and a switch from serial to parallel processing, while trait mindfulness is associated with FC changes promoting CEN activity and producing a "task-ready state".
SS activation is tightly connected to that of the SN, with stress hormones likely potentiating the intra-network FC of the latter, attenuating that of the DMN, and causing a biphasic suppression- to-activation response of the CEN, all adaptive changes favoring proper decisions and survival.
综合功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和功能连接（FC）分析数据，研究人类应激系统（SS）功能与突显（SN）、默认模式（DMN）和中央执行（CEN）网络动态功能的关系。
系统检索 Medline、Scopus、ClinicalTrials.gov 和 Google Scholar 数据库，对截至 2022 年 9 月前发表的研究进行全文检索，纳入 28 篇定性综合分析的全文文章。
急性应激会改变 SN、DMN 和 CEN 中网络内/间 FC 和活动状态，使其从静息、低唤醒状态转变，此时所有三个网络的网络内和网络间 FC 和活动都较低。SS 激活与 SN 的活动呈正相关，与 DMN 的活动呈负相关，同时与 CEN 的内网络 FC 和活动的初始下降和随后增加相关联。DMN 与 CEN 之间的 FC 增加，而 SN 与 CEN 之间的 FC 减少，为额叶策略输入和“适当”CEN 活动和任务决策提供时间。SN 的激活与感觉过敏、“受损”记忆以及从串行处理到并行处理的转变有关，而特质正念与促进 CEN 活动并产生“任务就绪状态”的 FC 变化有关。
SS 的激活与 SN 的激活紧密相连，应激激素可能增强后者的网络内 FC，削弱 DMN 的 FC，并导致 CEN 的双相抑制-激活反应，所有这些适应性变化都有利于做出适当的决策和生存。
