Kalkanli Taş Sevgi, Uzunoğlu Merve Saide, Uzunoğlu Aylin Seher, Kirkik Duygu, Altunkanat Derya, Kalkanli Nevin
Department of Immunology, Hamidiye Medicine Faculty, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey.
Department of Immunology, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey.
Turk J Biol. 2021 Dec 20;46(2):105-117. doi: 10.3906/biy-2109-85. eCollection 2022.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been an important global interest that affected millions of people, and it requires a deep investigation of the disease immunology for developing further therapeutic applications. Adoptive T cell therapy promises to address T cell-dependent immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients by the generation of specific T cell clones against virus-specific antigens. Additionally, targeting B cell-dependent protection through COVID-19 vaccines, which have been developed in the recent year, possessed sufficient prevention for spreading the virus, since the cases and deaths related to COVID-19 tend to decrease after the vaccination. However, adoptive cell therapies are now encouraging scientists to deal with pathological challenges like inadequate T cell-dependent immune response or lymphopenia, since they are the most frequent outcome of severe infection, especially in immunocompromized patients. In this review, the current knowledge of immunopathology of COVID-19 was aimed to be highlighted along with the T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 to comprise a basis for therapeutics. Moreover, current therapeutics and treatment strategies for COVID-19 were discussed to evaluate possible agents. Furthermore, the use of adoptive T cell therapy representing an emerging therapeutic approach was purposed to be presented comprehensively against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Even though further studies are needed to fully understand T cell response against SARS-CoV-2 in order to develop therapies to provide long term and efficient protection, adoptive cell therapies now meet the demand for a large population of people who suffer immunocompromization, considering the previous usage of the technique for different infectious diseases.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行是一项重要的全球关注事项，影响了数百万人，并且需要深入研究该疾病的免疫学以开发进一步的治疗应用。过继性T细胞疗法有望通过产生针对病毒特异性抗原的特异性T细胞克隆来解决COVID-19患者中T细胞依赖性免疫失调问题。此外，近年来开发的COVID-19疫苗通过靶向B细胞依赖性保护，对病毒传播具有足够的预防作用，因为接种疫苗后与COVID-19相关的病例和死亡人数趋于减少。然而，过继性细胞疗法目前促使科学家应对诸如T细胞依赖性免疫反应不足或淋巴细胞减少等病理挑战，因为它们是严重感染最常见的后果，尤其是在免疫功能低下的患者中。在本综述中，旨在突出当前对COVID-19免疫病理学的认识以及针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的T细胞反应，以为治疗奠定基础。此外，还讨论了COVID-19的当前治疗方法和治疗策略，以评估可能的药物。此外，旨在全面介绍代表一种新兴治疗方法的过继性T细胞疗法针对SARS-CoV-2感染的应用。尽管为了开发提供长期有效保护的疗法还需要进一步研究以充分了解针对SARS-CoV-2的T细胞反应，但考虑到该技术先前在不同传染病中的应用，过继性细胞疗法现在满足了大量免疫功能低下人群的需求。
