Helayel Halah Bin, Al Abdulhadi Halla A, Aloqab Aysha, Althubaity Arwa M, Aljumah Mujtaba A, Mazhar Muhammad Haris, Habash Ahmed Al, Aljindan Mohanna, Alarfaj Khalid
Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Cornea and Anterior Segment Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2023 Jul-Sep;11(3):242-249. doi: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_251_22. Epub 2023 Jul 15.
Environmental and epidemiological factors increase the risk of dry eye in Saudi Arabia, but most studies have limited generalizability.
To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) among adults across Saudi Arabia and the associated risk factors. The secondary objective was to estimate the economic burden of DED by calculating lubricant usage and its annual costs.
This cross-sectional study invited adults from across Saudi Arabia to complete a questionnaire that collected data regarding demographics, symptoms related to DED, previous diagnosis of DED, use of contact lenses, and use of eye lubricants.
A total of 2042 responses were received, of which 784 (38.4%) respondents had previously been diagnosed with DED and 752 (36.8%) were symptomatic but undiagnosed. Between the DED diagnosed and symptomatic-undiagnosed groups, a significant difference was found in terms of age ( < 0.001), gender ( = 0.002), presence of diabetes mellitus ( = 0.004), smoking status ( = 0.007), duration of electronic screen use ( = 0.05), number of ocular complaints ( < 0.001), and frequency of lubricants use ( < 0.001). Between the DED-diagnosed and non-DED groups, significant differences were found in terms of age ( < 0.001), gender ( < 0.001), presence of diabetes mellitus ( = 0.001), allergy ( = 0.001), autoimmune disease ( = 0.005), smoking status ( < 0.001), and history of refractive surgery ( < 0.001). The mean estimated annual cost of using lubricating agents was SAR 328.2 ± 210.3 (USD 87.5 ± 56.1), and this was significantly higher in the diagnosed group ( = 0.01) than the symptomatic-undiagnosed group.
The prevalence of DED is high among adults in Saudi Arabia. High-risk population include elderly, female, and using electronic screens for >2 hours/day.
环境和流行病学因素增加了沙特阿拉伯干眼症的风险，但大多数研究的普遍性有限。
确定沙特阿拉伯成年人中干眼症（DED）的患病率及相关危险因素。次要目的是通过计算润滑剂使用情况及其年度成本来估计DED的经济负担。
这项横断面研究邀请沙特阿拉伯各地的成年人填写一份问卷，收集有关人口统计学、与DED相关的症状、既往DED诊断、隐形眼镜使用情况和眼部润滑剂使用情况的数据。
共收到2042份回复，其中784名（38.4%）受访者既往被诊断为DED，752名（36.8%）有症状但未被诊断。在DED诊断组和有症状未诊断组之间，在年龄（<0.001）、性别（=0.002）、糖尿病患病情况（=0.004）、吸烟状况（=0.007）、电子屏幕使用时长（=0.05）、眼部不适次数（<0.001）和润滑剂使用频率（<0.001）方面存在显著差异。在DED诊断组和非DED组之间，在年龄（<0.001）、性别（<0.001）、糖尿病患病情况（=0.001）、过敏（=0.001）、自身免疫性疾病（=0.005）、吸烟状况（<0.001）和屈光手术史（<0.001）方面存在显著差异。使用润滑剂的平均估计年度成本为328.2±210.3沙特里亚尔（87.5±56.1美元），且诊断组（=0.01）显著高于有症状未诊断组。
沙特阿拉伯成年人中DED患病率较高。高危人群包括老年人、女性以及每天使用电子屏幕超过2小时的人群。
