Mohamed Zoelfigar, Alrasheed Saif, Abdu Mustafa, Allinjawi Kareem
Department of Optometry, College of Health Sciences, University of Buraimi, Buraimi, OMN.
Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 30;16(9):e70522. doi: 10.7759/cureus.70522. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common condition characterized by a loss of the tear film function, leading to symptoms of ocular discomfort and damage to the ocular surface. The prevalence and associated risk factors of DED may vary by region due to environmental, cultural, and genetic differences. The aim of the present study is to systematically review and analyze the prevalence and risk factors of DED in the Middle East (ME) region. This study adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed to identify relevant studies published from January 2004 to July 2024. Studies included in the review were those that provided data on the prevalence and risk factors of DED in Middle Eastern populations. Data were extracted and analyzed to determine overall pooled prevalence and associated risk factors using a random-effects model. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with the registration number CRD42024583897. The meta-analysis included 17 studies from 10 countries with a total of 22,087 subjects. The estimated pooled prevalence of DED in the ME region was 28.33% (95% CI: 27.74-28.93). The primary risk factors include age, female gender, and smoking. Other risks are contact lens use, prolonged screen time (over six hours daily), diabetes, glaucoma medications, allergies, autoimmune diseases, refractive surgery, arthritis, high cholesterol, acne treatments, antihistamines, antidepressants, thyroid disease, and a history of conjunctival infections or corneal abrasions. The prevalence of DED in Middle Eastern countries was higher than the global estimate, highlighting significant regional variation. Common risk factors for DED include older age, female gender, and smoking. These findings underscore the need for targeted prevention and management strategies that address the specific risk factors prevalent in the Middle Eastern population.
干眼症（DED）是一种常见病症，其特征是泪膜功能丧失，导致眼部不适症状以及眼表损伤。由于环境、文化和基因差异，干眼症的患病率及相关风险因素可能因地区而异。本研究的目的是系统回顾和分析中东（ME）地区干眼症的患病率及风险因素。本研究遵循PRISMA 2020指南。使用科学网、Scopus、谷歌学术和PubMed等数据库进行了全面的文献检索，以确定2004年1月至2024年7月发表的相关研究。纳入综述的研究是那些提供中东人群干眼症患病率和风险因素数据的研究。提取并分析数据，使用随机效应模型确定总体合并患病率及相关风险因素。该研究方案已在国际系统评价前瞻性注册库（PROSPERO）注册，注册号为CRD42024583897。荟萃分析纳入了来自10个国家的17项研究，共有22087名受试者。中东地区干眼症的估计合并患病率为28.33%（95%CI：27.74 - 28.93）。主要风险因素包括年龄、女性性别和吸烟。其他风险因素有佩戴隐形眼镜、长时间屏幕使用（每天超过6小时）、糖尿病、青光眼药物治疗、过敏、自身免疫性疾病、屈光手术、关节炎、高胆固醇、痤疮治疗、抗组胺药、抗抑郁药、甲状腺疾病以及结膜感染或角膜擦伤史。中东国家的干眼症患病率高于全球估计值，突出了显著的地区差异。干眼症的常见风险因素包括年龄较大、女性性别和吸烟。这些发现强调了需要针对中东人群中普遍存在的特定风险因素制定有针对性的预防和管理策略。
