Yan X J, Liu Y F, Ma N, Dang J J, Zhang J S, Zhong P L, Hu P J, Song Y, Ma J
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023 Aug 18;55(4):593-599. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2023.04.004.
To evaluate the change of prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese primary and secondary school students and to analyze the policy effect during the period of the (PDCC 2011-2020).
The data of Chinese students aged 7 to 18 years were extracted from 8 successive cross-sectional surveys of the Chinese National Survey on Students ' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) from 1985 to 2019. Malnutrition of students was evaluated according to the screening standard for malnutrition of school-age children and adolescents. The changes of prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students were described by gender, urban and rural areas, age group and province, from 2010 to 2019. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trajectory of the prevalence of malnutrition among students aged 7 to 18 years from 1985 to 2019, so as to evaluate the policy effect of the PDCC 2011-2020.
The prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in China decreased from 12.7% in 2010 to 8.5% in 2019. The prevalence of malnutrition among boys and girls, urban and rural students, and students of all age groups showed a continuous downward trend ( < 0.001) from 2010 to 2019. From 2010 to 2019, 27 of the 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) saw a significant decrease in the prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students. Joinpoint regression model showed that the prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese primary and secondary school students continued to decline from 1985 to 2019, but 2010 was the turning point in the downward trend. From 1985 to 2010, the prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students decreased by an average of 2.4% per year (95%: 1.9%-2.8%, < 0.001), and the downward trend accelerated after 2010, with an average annual decline of 4.3% (95%: 2.4%-6.2%, < 0.001).
The prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in China continued to decline from 2010 to 2019, achieving the goal of controlling the prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in the PDCC 2011-2020. The PDCC 2011-2020 may have played an important role in improving the malnutrition among primary and secondary school students. However, the problem of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students still exists, and it is still necessary to adhere to the coverage and financial support of the nutrition improvement plan in areas with high incidence of malnutrition.
评估中国中小学生营养不良患病率的变化情况，并分析《中国儿童发展纲要（2011—2020年）》实施期间的政策效果。
从1985年至2019年连续8次的中国学生体质与健康调研（CNSSCH）横断面调查中提取7至18岁中国学生的数据。依据学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准对学生营养不良情况进行评估。描述2010年至2019年期间中小学生营养不良患病率在性别、城乡、年龄组和省份方面的变化。采用Joinpoint回归模型分析1985年至2019年7至18岁学生营养不良患病率的变化轨迹，以评估《中国儿童发展纲要（2011—2020年）》的政策效果。
中国中小学生营养不良患病率从2010年的12.7%降至2019年的8.5%。2010年至2019年，男女生、城乡学生以及各年龄组学生的营养不良患病率均呈持续下降趋势（P<0.001）。2010年至2019年，31个省（自治区、直辖市）中有27个省中小学生营养不良患病率显著下降。Joinpoint回归模型显示，1985年至2019年中国中小学生营养不良患病率持续下降，但2010年是下降趋势的转折点。1985年至2010年，中小学生营养不良患病率平均每年下降2.4%（95%CI：1.9% - 2.8%，P<0.001），2010年后下降趋势加速，平均每年下降4.3%（95%CI：2.4% - 6.2%，P<0.001）。
2010年至2019年中国中小学生营养不良患病率持续下降，实现了《中国儿童发展纲要（2011—2020年）》控制中小学生营养不良患病率的目标。《中国儿童发展纲要（2011—2020年）》可能在改善中小学生营养不良状况方面发挥了重要作用。然而，中小学生营养不良问题依然存在，在营养不良高发地区仍需坚持营养改善计划的覆盖范围和资金支持。
