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[2010年至2019年中国7至18岁汉族儿童青少年营养不良患病率趋势]

[Prevalence trend of malnutrition among Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 2010 to 2019].

作者信息

Liu J Y, Zhong P L, Ma N, Shi D, Chen L, Dong Y H, Dong B, Chen T J, Li J, Song Y, Ma J, Hu P J

机构信息

Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.

出版信息

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2023 Feb 28;57:27-35. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20220914-00897.

Abstract

To analyze the prevalence trend of malnutrition among Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 2010 to 2019. Based on the data from the Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health in 2010, 2014 and 2019, about 215 102, 214 268 and 212 713 Han students aged 7-18 years were included in this study. According to the National Screening Standard for Malnutrition of School-age Children and Adolescents, the detection rate of malnutrition among Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7-18 was calculated, and the prevalence trend of malnutrition from 2010 to 2019 was analyzed. In 2019, the detection rate of malnutrition among Chinese Han students aged 7-18 years was 8.64% (18 381/212 713), of which the rate of growth retardation, moderate-to-severe wasting and mild wasting was 0.50% (1 062/212 713), 3.25% (6 914/212 713) and 4.89% (10 405/212 713), respectively. In 2019, the detection rate of malnutrition in these boys was higher than that of girls (9.97% 7.31%), and the detection rate in rural areas was higher than that in cities (9.30% 7.98%). The detection rates were 9.74% (5 252/53 916), 8.17% (4 408/53 937), 7.29% (3 885/53 310), and 9.38% (4 836/51 550) in 7-9, 10-12, 13-15, and 16-18 years groups, and 8.14% (6 563/80 618), 7.61% (4 237/55 694) and 9.92% (7 581/76 401) in the eastern, central, and western regions. Malnutrition among students in China was mainly caused by mild wasting, and the detection rate of growth retardation accounted for only 5.78% (1 062/18 381). Malnutrition was mostly concentrated in the southwest region, and the rate was relatively low in eastern provinces. In three surveys from 2010 to 2019, the detection rate of malnutrition among Han students aged 7-18 in China decreased gradually, and the differences were statistically significant (<0.05). Among them, the detection rates in western rural areas decreased significantly, as well as the gap between urban and rural areas. Compared with that in 2014, the detection rate of malnutrition in Shandong, Hunan, Qinghai and Hainan provinces in 2019 decreased significantly (<0.05). In 2019, the malnutrition of Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years is dominated by wasting malnutrition. The detection rate shows a downward trend from 2010 to 2019, with regional differences.

摘要

分析2010年至2019年中国7至18岁汉族儿童青少年营养不良的流行趋势。基于2010年、2014年和2019年中国学生体质与健康调研的数据,本研究纳入了约215102名、214268名和212713名7至18岁的汉族学生。根据《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准》,计算中国7至18岁汉族儿童青少年的营养不良检出率,并分析2010年至2019年营养不良的流行趋势。2019年,中国7至18岁汉族学生的营养不良检出率为8.64%(18381/212713),其中生长迟缓率、中重度消瘦率和轻度消瘦率分别为0.50%(1062/212713)、3.25%(6914/212713)和4.89%(10405/212713)。2019年,这些男生的营养不良检出率高于女生(9.97%对7.31%),农村地区的检出率高于城市地区(9.30%对7.98%)。7至9岁、10至12岁、13至15岁和16至18岁组的检出率分别为9.74%(5252/53916)、8.17%(4408/53937)、7.29%(3885/53310)和9.38%(4836/51550),东部、中部和西部地区的检出率分别为8.14%(6563/80618)、7.61%(4237/55694)和9.92%(7581/76401)。中国学生的营养不良主要由轻度消瘦引起,生长迟缓的检出率仅占5.78%(1062/18381)。营养不良大多集中在西南地区,东部省份的发生率相对较低。在2010年至2019年的三次调查中,中国7至18岁汉族学生的营养不良检出率逐渐下降,差异有统计学意义(<0.05)。其中,西部农村地区的检出率显著下降,城乡差距也显著下降。与2014年相比,2019年山东、湖南、青海和海南四省的营养不良检出率显著下降(<0.05)。2019年,中国7至18岁儿童青少年的营养不良以消瘦型营养不良为主。检出率从2010年至2019年呈下降趋势,存在地区差异。

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