Dong Y H, Wang Z H, Yang Z G, Wang X J, Chen Y J, Zou Z Y, Ma J
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Ningxia Medical University School of Public Health, Yinchuan 750004, China.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2017 Jun 18;49(3):424-432.
To understand and analyze the current situation and secular trends for prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 2005 to 2014, and to provide important scientific basis for students' nutrition improvement.
All the subjects aged 7-18 years in both sexes were sampled from 2005, 2010 and 2014 Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health. According to the new students' health standard of "Screening Standard for Malnutrition of school-age children and adolescents"(WS/T456-2014) in 2014 of China, the nutritional status of children in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities, excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan province) were analyzed and compared in different ages, genders, regions and provinces from 2005 to 2014. The Tibetan students was used with the data of Tibetan minority and all the other students from 30 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) were Han minority.
The prevalence of malnutrition of children and adolescents of Han minority aged 7-18 years in 2014 was 10.0%. The prevalence of malnutrition components, including stunting, mild wasting and moderate severe wasting, were 0.8%, 3.7%, and 5.5%. Compared with 2005 and 2010, the prevalence of malnutrition of Han children and adolescents in 2014 had declined with 5.0 and 2.6 percentage points, respectively, and its components had declined with 1.0, 1.8, 2.2 and 0.4, 1.1, 1.2 percentage points, respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition of 2014 in boys was higher than in girls (11.1% vs.8.9%), the rural was higher than the urban (11.0% vs.9.1%) and the west (11.7%) was higher than the east (9.0%) and the middle (9.2%). Mild wasting of Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years was the main component in malnutrition and the stunting in the Han and Tibetan children and adolescents only accounted for 8.0% and 7.5%, respectively. Compared with 2005 and 2010, the prevalence of malnutrition for Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in 2014 had declined with various extents constantly, and there was a statistically significant difference among three surveys (P<0.05). Provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) with high prevalence of malnutrition mainly concentrated in the southwest of China from 2005 to 2014. Compared with 2005 and 2010, the prevalence of malnutrition declined in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) of China in 2014. The number of provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) with high prevalence of malnutrition decreased constantly and increased for the number of province (autonomous regions, municipalities) with low prevalence.
The prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years had declined from 2005 to 2014, but the total prevalence of malnutrition was still high. Mild wasting was the main component in malnutrition and the prevalence of stunting was low. Provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) with high prevalence of malnutrition mainly concentrated in the southwest of China.
了解和分析2005年至2014年中国7-18岁儿童青少年营养不良流行现状及长期变化趋势，为学生营养改善提供重要科学依据。
选取2005年、2010年和2014年全国学生体质与健康调研中7-18岁的所有学生作为研究对象。按照2014年我国新的学生健康标准《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准》（WS/T456-2014），分析比较2005年至2014年31个省（自治区、直辖市，不包括香港、澳门和台湾地区）不同年龄、性别、地区及省份儿童的营养状况。藏族学生采用藏族少数民族数据，其余30个省（自治区、直辖市）学生为汉族。
2014年7-18岁汉族儿童青少年营养不良患病率为10.0%。营养不良各组分患病率，包括生长迟缓、轻度消瘦和中度重度消瘦，分别为0.8%、3.7%和5.5%。与2005年和2010年相比，2014年汉族儿童青少年营养不良患病率分别下降了5.0和2.6个百分点，其各组分患病率分别下降了1.0、1.8、2.2和0.4、1.1、1.2个百分点。2014年男孩营养不良患病率高于女孩（11.1%对8.9%），农村高于城市（11.0%对9.1%），西部（11.7%）高于东部（9.0%）和中部（9.2%）。7-18岁中国儿童青少年轻度消瘦是营养不良的主要组分，汉族和藏族儿童青少年生长迟缓仅分别占8.0%和7.5%。与2005年和2010年相比，2014年7-18岁中国儿童青少年营养不良患病率持续不同程度下降，三次调查间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2005年至2014年，营养不良患病率高的省（自治区、直辖市）主要集中在中国西南部。与2005年和2010年相比，2014年中国31个省（自治区、直辖市）营养不良患病率下降，营养不良患病率高的省（自治区、直辖市）数量不断减少，患病率低的省（自治区、直辖市）数量增加。
2005年至2014年中国7-18岁儿童青少年营养不良患病率下降，但总体患病率仍较高。轻度消瘦是营养不良的主要组分，生长迟缓患病率低。营养不良患病率高的省（自治区、直辖市）主要集中在中国西南部。
