State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
J Genet Genomics. 2024 Apr;51(4):367-378. doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.07.009. Epub 2023 Aug 1.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) translation consists of initiation, elongation, termination, and ribosome recycling, carried out by the translation machinery, primarily including tRNAs, ribosomes, and translation factors (TrFs). Translational regulators transduce signals of growth and development, as well as biotic and abiotic stresses, to the translation machinery, where global or selective translational control occurs to modulate mRNA translation efficiency (TrE). As the basis of translational control, the translation machinery directly determines the quality and quantity of newly synthesized peptides and, ultimately, the cellular adaption. Thus, regulating the availability of diverse machinery components is reviewed as the central strategy of translational control. We provide classical signaling pathways (e.g., integrated stress responses) and cellular behaviors (e.g., liquid-liquid phase separation) to exemplify this strategy within different physiological contexts, particularly during host-microbe interactions. With new technologies developed, further understanding this strategy will speed up translational medicine and translational agriculture.
信使 RNA（mRNA）翻译包括起始、延伸、终止和核糖体回收，由翻译机制完成，主要包括 tRNA、核糖体和翻译因子（TrFs）。翻译调节剂将生长和发育、生物和非生物胁迫的信号转导至翻译机制，在那里发生全局或选择性的翻译控制，以调节 mRNA 翻译效率（TrE）。作为翻译控制的基础，翻译机制直接决定新合成肽的质量和数量，最终决定细胞的适应能力。因此，调节各种机制成分的可用性被视为翻译控制的核心策略。我们提供经典的信号通路（例如，综合应激反应）和细胞行为（例如，液-液相分离），以在不同的生理环境中举例说明这一策略，特别是在宿主-微生物相互作用期间。随着新技术的发展，进一步理解这一策略将加速翻译医学和翻译农业的发展。
