School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2023 Aug;162 Suppl 2:58-67. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.14948.
Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world. It is of concern for women and girls of reproductive age as, despite frequent normalization, excessive menstrual blood loss and the iron demands associated with pregnancy increase the risk of developing an ID. Iron deficiency reduces health-related quality of life with symptoms of fatigue, heart palpitations, difficulty concentrating, and poor mental health. When left untreated, ID can escalate to iron deficiency anemia (IDA), where there is an insufficiency of red blood cells, or hemoglobin within these cells, to meet the bodily demands for oxygen transport. Substantial guidance on screening for ID can be found in specific at-risk groups, including pregnant women and patients with renal, cardiac, and inflammatory bowel disease. However, it was unclear whether guidance is available for women of reproductive age. We performed a literature search to explore the current recommendations for screening women of reproductive age for ID. While four manuscripts supportive of screening were found, no official guidance appears to exist regarding screening for this group. In line with the World Health Organization's 10 Principles of Screening, we present a case for ID screening in women and girls of reproductive age.
缺铁（ID）是世界上最常见的微量营养素缺乏症。育龄妇女和女孩对此感到担忧，因为尽管经常正常化，但过多的月经失血和与怀孕相关的铁需求会增加发生 ID 的风险。缺铁会降低与健康相关的生活质量，出现疲劳、心悸、注意力不集中和心理健康不良等症状。如果不进行治疗，ID 可能会恶化为缺铁性贫血（IDA），即细胞内的红细胞或血红蛋白不足以满足身体对氧气运输的需求。在特定的高危人群中，如孕妇和患有肾脏、心脏和炎症性肠病的患者，都有针对 ID 筛查的具体指导。然而，对于育龄妇女是否有可用的指导意见尚不清楚。我们进行了文献检索，以探讨目前针对育龄妇女 ID 筛查的建议。虽然找到了四篇支持筛查的论文，但似乎没有关于针对这一人群筛查的官方指南。根据世界卫生组织的 10 项筛查原则，我们提出了对育龄妇女和女孩进行 ID 筛查的理由。
