Supramolecular assemblies in the molecular complexes of 4-cyanophenylboronic acid with different N-donor ligands.

Molecular complexes of 4-cyanophenylboronic acid (CB) with various N-donor compounds having different conformational features, for example, rigid (1,10-phenanthroline (), 4,7-phenanthroline (), 1,7-phenanthroline () and acridine ()) and linear (1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (), 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene () and 4,4'-azopyridine ()), have been reported. In all complexes, the -B(OH) moiety is found to be in a - confirmation, with the exception of structures containing , , and , wherein, - conformation is observed. Further, CB molecules remain intact in all structures except in the complexes with some linear N-donor ligands, wherein -B(OH) transforms to monoester (-B(OH)(OCH)) prior to the formation of corresponding molecular complexes. In such boronic monoester complexes, the conformation of -B(OH)(OCH) is - with respect to the -OH and -OCH groups. Also, complexes mediated by and exist in both hydrated and anhydrous forms. In these anhydrous structures, the recognition pattern is through (juxtaposed -CN and -B(OH)) as well as (between hetero N-atom and -B(OH)) O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, while only O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds hold co-formers in all other structures. Depending upon the conformational features of both co-formers, molecules are packed in crystal lattices in the form of stacked layers, helical chains, and crossed ribbons. All structures are fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and phase purity is established by powder X-ray diffraction. Additionally, correlation among structures is explained by calculating a similarity index and performing a Hirshfeld surface analysis to quantify the strength and effectiveness of different types of intermolecular bonds that stabilize these structures along with the presentation of energy frameworks, representing the strength of the interactions in the form gradient cylinders. Also, the morphology of each complex was computed by BFDH methodology to correlate with the actual crystal morphology and packing arrangement.