Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Brain Behav Immun. 2023 Nov;114:475-487. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.022. Epub 2023 Aug 4.
The field of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) has grown substantially in both relevance and prominence over the past 40 years. Notwithstanding its impressive trajectory, a majority of PNI studies are still based on a relatively small number of analytes. To advance this work, we suggest that PNI, and health research in general, can benefit greatly from adopting a multi-omics approach, which involves integrating data across multiple biological levels (e.g., the genome, proteome, transcriptome, metabolome, lipidome, and microbiome/metagenome) to more comprehensively profile biological functions and relate these profiles to clinical and behavioral outcomes. To assist investigators in this endeavor, we provide an overview of multi-omics research, highlight recent landmark multi-omics studies investigating human health and disease risk, and discuss how multi-omics can be applied to better elucidate links between psychological, nervous system, and immune system activity. In doing so, we describe how to design high-quality multi-omics studies, decide which biological samples (e.g., blood, stool, urine, saliva, solid tissue) are most relevant, incorporate behavioral and wearable sensing data into multi-omics research, and understand key data quality, integration, analysis, and interpretation issues. PNI researchers are addressing some of the most interesting and important questions at the intersection of psychology, neuroscience, and immunology. Applying a multi-omics approach to this work will greatly expand the horizon of what is possible in PNI and has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of mind-body medicine.
心理神经免疫学（PNI）领域在过去 40 年中在相关性和重要性方面都有了显著的发展。尽管它的发展轨迹令人印象深刻，但大多数 PNI 研究仍然基于相对较少的分析物。为了推进这项工作，我们认为 PNI 以及一般的健康研究可以从采用多组学方法中受益匪浅，这种方法涉及整合多个生物学层面的数据（例如，基因组、蛋白质组、转录组、代谢组、脂质组和微生物组/宏基因组），以更全面地描述生物学功能，并将这些图谱与临床和行为结果联系起来。为了帮助研究人员进行这项工作，我们概述了多组学研究，重点介绍了最近具有里程碑意义的多组学研究，这些研究调查了人类健康和疾病风险，并讨论了如何应用多组学来更好地阐明心理、神经系统和免疫系统活动之间的联系。在这样做的过程中，我们描述了如何设计高质量的多组学研究，决定哪些生物样本（例如血液、粪便、尿液、唾液、固体组织）最相关，将行为和可穿戴传感器数据纳入多组学研究，并了解关键的数据质量、整合、分析和解释问题。PNI 研究人员正在解决心理学、神经科学和免疫学交叉点上最有趣和最重要的问题。将多组学方法应用于这项工作将极大地拓展 PNI 的可能性，并有可能彻底改变我们对身心医学的理解。
