Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Stress. 2024 Jan;27(1):2321610. doi: 10.1080/10253890.2024.2321610. Epub 2024 Feb 29.
Despite decades of stress research, there still exist substantial gaps in our understanding of how social, environmental, and biological factors interact and combine with developmental stressor exposures, cognitive appraisals of stressors, and psychosocial coping processes to shape individuals' stress reactivity, health, and disease risk. Relatively new biological profiling approaches, called multi-omics, are helping address these issues by enabling researchers to quantify thousands of molecules from a single blood or tissue sample, thus providing a panoramic snapshot of the molecular processes occurring in an organism from a systems perspective. In this review, we summarize two types of research designs for which multi-omics approaches are best suited, and describe how these approaches can help advance our understanding of stress processes and the development, prevention, and treatment of stress-related pathologies. We first discuss incorporating multi-omics approaches into theory-rich, intensive longitudinal study designs to characterize, in high-resolution, the transition to stress-related multisystem dysfunction and disease throughout development. Next, we discuss how multi-omics approaches should be incorporated into intervention research to better understand the transition from stress-related dysfunction back to health, which can help inform novel precision medicine approaches to managing stress and fostering biopsychosocial resilience. Throughout, we provide concrete recommendations for types of studies that will help advance stress research, and translate multi-omics data into better health and health care.
尽管应激研究已经开展了几十年，但我们对于社会、环境和生物因素如何相互作用和结合，以及如何与发展性应激源暴露、对压力源的认知评估和心理社会应对过程相互作用，从而影响个体的应激反应、健康和疾病风险，仍然存在很大的认识空白。相对较新的生物学分析方法，即多组学，通过使研究人员能够从单个血液或组织样本中定量数千种分子，从而从系统的角度提供生物体中发生的分子过程的全景图，有助于解决这些问题。在这篇综述中，我们总结了两种最适合多组学方法的研究设计类型，并描述了这些方法如何帮助我们加深对应激过程的理解，以及促进应激相关病理的发生、预防和治疗。我们首先讨论了将多组学方法纳入理论丰富的密集纵向研究设计，以高分辨率描述整个发育过程中与应激相关的多系统功能障碍和疾病的转变。接下来，我们讨论了如何将多组学方法纳入干预研究，以更好地理解从与应激相关的功能障碍恢复到健康的转变，这有助于为管理应激和促进生物心理社会弹性提供新的精准医学方法。整篇文章都提供了具体的研究类型建议，以帮助推进应激研究，并将多组学数据转化为更好的健康和医疗服务。
