Zhyldyz Atambekova, Aitakin Kamarli, Atabek Berdikulov, Elmurat Jetigenov, Rysbek Nurgaziev, Jailobek Orozov, Ahedor Believe, Otgonsuren Davaajav, Mumbi Ngigi Noel Muthoni, Guswanto Azirwan, Sivakumar Thillaiampalam, Yokoyama Naoaki
National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Kyrgyz Research Institute of Veterinary Named After A. Duisheev, Togolok Moldo Str. 60, Bishkek 720033, Kyrgyzstan.
Kyrgyz Research Institute of Veterinary Named After A. Duisheev, Togolok Moldo Str. 60, Bishkek 720033, Kyrgyzstan.
Parasitol Int. 2023 Dec;97:102791. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102791. Epub 2023 Aug 5.
Cattle production is a major contributor to the national economy of Kyrgyzstan. Most cattle in Kyrgyzstan are managed via extensive systems and graze in communal pastures. As a result, infestations with ectoparasites are widespread, implying that various vector-borne diseases might be common in cattle. However, methods to control such infectious diseases are not available in Kyrgyzstan because the epidemiology of vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) infecting cattle remains unclear. The present study was therefore designed to survey Kyrgyz cattle for VBPs. We prepared blood DNA samples from 319 cattle in Kyrgyzstan and screened them with specific PCR assays for detecting Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia naoakii, Theileria annulata, Theileria orientalis, Trypanosoma evansi, Trypanosoma theileri, and Anaplasma marginale infections. Our findings indicated that the surveyed cattle were infected with six of the eight pathogens targeted, with the exceptions being B. naoakii and Try. evansi. The most common pathogen was T. orientalis (84.3%), followed by B. bigemina (47.6%), T. annulata (16.6%), A. marginale (11.6%), Try. theileri (7.2%), and B. bovis (2.5%). Additional screening of the B. bovis- and B. bigemina-negative samples with a Babesia genus-specific 18S rRNA PCR identified two positive samples, and sequencing analysis confirmed that each of them was infected with either Babesia major or Babesia occultans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. occultans, Try. theileri, and A. marginale infections in cattle in Kyrgyzstan. Our findings suggest that cattle in Kyrgyzstan are at high risk of infectious diseases caused by VBPs.
养牛业是吉尔吉斯斯坦国民经济的主要贡献者。吉尔吉斯斯坦的大多数牛采用粗放式管理系统，在公共牧场放牧。因此，体外寄生虫感染很普遍，这意味着各种媒介传播疾病在牛群中可能很常见。然而，吉尔吉斯斯坦没有控制此类传染病的方法，因为感染牛的媒介传播病原体（VBP）的流行病学仍不清楚。因此，本研究旨在对吉尔吉斯斯坦的牛进行VBP调查。我们从吉尔吉斯斯坦的319头牛身上采集了血液DNA样本，并用特异性PCR检测法对其进行筛查，以检测牛巴贝斯虫、双芽巴贝斯虫、纳氏巴贝斯虫、环形泰勒虫、东方泰勒虫、伊氏锥虫、泰勒锥虫和边缘无形体感染。我们的研究结果表明，被调查的牛感染了所针对的八种病原体中的六种，例外的是纳氏巴贝斯虫和伊氏锥虫。最常见的病原体是东方泰勒虫（84.3%），其次是双芽巴贝斯虫（47.6%）、环形泰勒虫（16.6%）、边缘无形体（11.6%）、泰勒锥虫（7.2%）和牛巴贝斯虫（2.5%）。用巴贝斯属特异性18S rRNA PCR对牛巴贝斯虫和双芽巴贝斯虫阴性样本进行进一步筛查，发现两个阳性样本，测序分析证实它们分别感染了大型巴贝斯虫或隐匿巴贝斯虫。据我们所知，这是吉尔吉斯斯坦牛感染牛巴贝斯虫、双芽巴贝斯虫、隐匿巴贝斯虫、泰勒锥虫和边缘无形体的首次报告。我们的研究结果表明，吉尔吉斯斯坦的牛面临由VBP引起的传染病的高风险。
