Behrendt Dörte, Boß Leif, Hannibal Sandy, Kunzler Angela M, Wessa Michèle, Lehr Dirk
Department of Health Psychology and Applied Biological Psychology, Institute for Sustainability Education and Psychology, Lueneburg, Germany.
Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany.
Internet Interv. 2023 Jul 15;33:100649. doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100649. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Work-related stress is a risk factor for a number of adverse health and work outcomes. Resilience trainings are a promising approach for adequately dealing with work stress and keeping employees mentally healthy. However, results of previous resilience trainings have been heterogeneous, ranging from null findings to large effects. Existing digital resilience interventions show a lack of consistency in terms of an underlying theoretical framework and methods used to foster resilience. Positive Appraisal Style Theory of Resilience offers an innovative conceptualization of resilience. Strengths-based cognitive behavioral therapy is a corresponding therapeutically method reflecting resilience as a resource-oriented process of dealing with stress. Based on this background, a new hybrid web-and app-based digital resilience intervention for employees named RESIST was developed.
The first aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of the newly developed training RESIST regarding its usability, user behavior, user experience and motivation to use. Second, the study sought to explore preliminary effects of the intervention on reducing stress and enhancing resilience by conducting a pilot randomized controlled trial.
The feasibility study was conducted in three phases. First, the usability of the app was investigated in a pre-test with five participants using a thinking-aloud method. Second, the preliminary efficacy of the training was examined in a pilot randomized controlled trial. A sample of 30 employees were randomized either to receive the resilience training ( = 15) or to be member of a control group ( = 15). The primary outcome was measuring perceived stress. Secondary outcomes included measures of resilience and depressive symptoms. Third, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with six participants of the resilience training group on training content, motivation for use, and user experience.
Overall, results indicate that RESIST can be a feasible training for resilience promotion and stress reduction with high user satisfaction. Analysis of covariance showed that, relative to controls, participants who received RESIST reported significantly lower stress scores at post-intervention (F1,27 = 16.91, < 0.001; Cohen's = 1.57; 95 % CI 0.71-2.43) than controls. Significant differences, with moderate-to-large effect sizes, were also detected for general resilience and various resilience factors.
Results are promising and provide hope that a hybrid web- and app-based resilience intervention based on strengths-based cognitive behavioral therapy can have a positive impact on dealing adequately with stress and improve resilience of employees.
工作压力是导致多种不良健康和工作结果的风险因素。复原力培训是有效应对工作压力和保持员工心理健康的一种有前景的方法。然而，先前复原力培训的结果参差不齐，从无显著效果到有很大影响。现有的数字复原力干预措施在潜在理论框架和用于培养复原力的方法方面缺乏一致性。积极评估风格复原力理论提供了一种创新的复原力概念化。基于优势的认知行为疗法是一种相应的治疗方法，将复原力反映为一种以资源为导向的应对压力的过程。基于这一背景，开发了一种名为RESIST的针对员工的新型基于网络和应用程序的混合数字复原力干预措施。
该研究的首要目标是调查新开发的RESIST培训在可用性、用户行为、用户体验和使用动机方面的可行性。其次，该研究试图通过进行一项试点随机对照试验来探索该干预措施在减轻压力和增强复原力方面的初步效果。
可行性研究分三个阶段进行。首先，通过出声思考法对五名参与者进行预测试，以调查该应用程序的可用性。其次，在一项试点随机对照试验中检验该培训的初步效果。30名员工的样本被随机分为两组：一组接受复原力培训（n = 15），另一组作为对照组（n = 15）。主要结果是测量感知压力。次要结果包括复原力和抑郁症状的测量。第三，对复原力培训组的六名参与者就培训内容、使用动机和用户体验进行半结构化访谈。
总体而言，结果表明RESIST可能是一种促进复原力和减轻压力的可行培训，用户满意度较高。协方差分析表明，与对照组相比，接受RESIST培训的参与者在干预后报告的压力得分显著低于对照组（F1,27 = 16.91，p < 0.001；科恩d值 = 1.57；95%CI 0.71 - 2.43）。在一般复原力和各种复原力因素方面也检测到了具有中等到大效应量的显著差异。
结果很有前景，这让人看到基于优势的认知行为疗法的基于网络和应用程序的混合复原力干预措施能够对充分应对压力和提高员工复原力产生积极影响。
