Nematzad Pouya, Pourghane Parand, Besharati Fereshteh, Gholami-Chaboki Bahare
Student Research Committee, Zeynab (P.B.U.H) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
PhD in Department of Nursing, Zeynab (P.B.U.H) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2023 Jun 30;12:208. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_689_22. eCollection 2023.
Aging has the fastest growth rate in age groups. With age, the prevalence of a variety of chronic diseases also increases. Among chronic diseases, hypertension is one of the most important diseases among older adults and self-care is one of the effective approaches to control it. The aim of the present study was to apply the health belief model (HBM) in promoting self-care in hypertensive older adults to help improve self-care behaviors in this age group.
This was a quasi-experimental study. This study was conducted at comprehensive health centers in the east of Guilan province, Iran.
This intervention study was conducted on 106 elderly people with hypertension who were selected with a multi-stage random sampling method from those referred to east health centers of Gilan, Iran, in 2019. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, HBM structure, hypertension knowledge, and hypertension self-care questionnaires. The intervention group received an educational program based on the HBM model. The questionnaire was completed by the elderly before and 2 months after the intervention. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, Wilcoxon, Fisher, and ANCOVA tests usingSPSS ver.16.
There was a significant difference in knowledge and all HBM constructs before and after the intervention in the intervention group ( < 0.001). In the control group, knowledge (-value = 0.023), self-efficacy (-value = 0.001), perceived severity (-value = 0.005), and cues to action (-value = 0.008) were significantly different ( < 0.05) after the intervention.
The present study showed that HBM-based education can be considered an effective educational framework for improving self-care of the hypertensive older adults.
在各年龄组中，老龄化的增长速度最快。随着年龄的增长，各种慢性病的患病率也会增加。在慢性病中，高血压是老年人最重要的疾病之一，自我护理是控制高血压的有效方法之一。本研究的目的是应用健康信念模型（HBM）促进高血压老年患者的自我护理，以帮助改善该年龄组的自我护理行为。
这是一项准实验研究。本研究在伊朗吉兰省东部的综合健康中心进行。
本干预研究对106名高血压老年人进行，这些老年人于2019年从伊朗吉兰省东部健康中心转诊的患者中采用多阶段随机抽样方法选取。数据收集工具是一份问卷，包括人口统计学特征、HBM结构、高血压知识和高血压自我护理问卷。干预组接受基于HBM模型的教育计划。问卷由老年人在干预前和干预后2个月完成。使用SPSS 16.0版通过描述性统计、曼-惠特尼检验、卡方检验、威尔科克森检验、费舍尔检验和协方差分析对数据进行分析。
干预组干预前后在知识和所有HBM结构方面存在显著差异（<0.001）。在对照组中，干预后知识（P值=0.023）、自我效能感（P值=0.001）、感知严重性（P值=0.005）和行动线索（P值=0.008）有显著差异（<0.05）。
本研究表明，基于HBM的教育可被视为改善高血压老年患者自我护理的有效教育框架。
