Gao Zhaoxu, Bian Jianxin, Lu Fei, Jiao Yuling, He Hang
State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jul 20;14:1222681. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1222681. eCollection 2023.
Triticeae, the wheatgrass tribe, includes several major cereal crops and their wild relatives. Major crops within the Triticeae are wheat, barley, rye, and oat, which are important for human consumption, animal feed, and rangeland protection. Species within this tribe are known for their large genomes and complex genetic histories. Powered by recent advances in sequencing technology, researchers worldwide have made progress in elucidating the genomes of Triticeae crops. In addition to assemblies of high-quality reference genomes, pan-genome studies have just started to capture the genomic diversities of these species, shedding light on our understanding of the genetic basis of domestication and environmental adaptation of Triticeae crops. In this review, we focus on recent signs of progress in genome sequencing, pan-genome analyses, and resequencing analysis of Triticeae crops. We also propose future research avenues in Triticeae crop genomes, including identifying genome structure variations, the association of genomic regions with desired traits, mining functions of the non-coding area, introgression of high-quality genes from wild Triticeae resources, genome editing, and integration of genomic resources.
小麦族，即冰草属植物族，包括几种主要的谷类作物及其野生近缘种。小麦族中的主要作物有小麦、大麦、黑麦和燕麦，它们对人类食用、动物饲料和牧场保护都很重要。该族中的物种以其庞大的基因组和复杂的遗传历史而闻名。在测序技术最近取得进展的推动下，世界各地的研究人员在阐明小麦族作物的基因组方面取得了进展。除了高质量参考基因组的组装外，泛基因组研究刚刚开始捕捉这些物种的基因组多样性，为我们理解小麦族作物的驯化和环境适应的遗传基础提供了线索。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注小麦族作物在基因组测序、泛基因组分析和重测序分析方面最近取得进展的迹象。我们还提出了小麦族作物基因组未来的研究方向，包括识别基因组结构变异、基因组区域与所需性状的关联、挖掘非编码区的功能、从小麦族野生资源中导入优质基因、基因组编辑以及基因组资源的整合。
