Teraž Kaja, Šimunič Boštjan, Peskar Manca, Marusic Uros, Pišot Saša, Šlosar Luka, Gasparini Malden, Pišot Rado
Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia.
Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Front Rehabil Sci. 2023 Jul 21;4:1209900. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1209900. eCollection 2023.
Although early inpatient and post-hospital rehabilitation is recognized as necessary, not all COVID-19 patients have access to rehabilitation. There are no published reports in the literature that investigate the outcomes of patients who do not receive rehabilitation after COVID-19. Our aim was to evaluate possible improvements in determinate functional and psychological parameters in COVID-19 patients two months after their hospital discharge.
On both time points various motor, cognitive, and clinical measurements such as body composition, tensiomyography, blood pressure, spirometry, grip strength test, Timed Up and Go test, gait speed, 30-second chair-stand test, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, were performed. Additionally, questionnaires such as the SARC-CalF test, Edmonton frail scale, International Physical Activity questionnaire andThe Mediterranean Lifestyle index were conducted to assess lifestyle characteristics.
A total of 39 patients (87.2% male; mean age of 59.1 ± 10.3 years), who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 at the Izola General Hospital (IGH), Slovenia between December 2020 and April 2021, were included. Patients were assessed at two time points (T and T): T was taken after receiving a negative COVID-19 test and T was taken two months after T. After two months of self-rehabilitation, we have detected a BMI increase ( < .001), fat free mass increase ( < .001), better Edmonton frail scale ( < .001), SARC-CalF score ( = .014) and MoCA score ( = .014). There were no detected changes in lifestyle habits nor in physical performance tests.
It is already known that COVID-19 has long-term negative consequences regardless of the stage of the disease. Our findings support the notion that patients cannot fully regain all their functions within a two-month period without receiving structured or supervised rehabilitation. Therefore, it is crucial to offer patients comprehensive and structured rehabilitation that incorporates clinical, cognitive, and motor exercises.
尽管早期住院和出院后康复被认为是必要的，但并非所有新冠病毒疾病（COVID-19）患者都能获得康复治疗。文献中尚无已发表的报告对COVID-19后未接受康复治疗的患者的预后进行研究。我们的目的是评估COVID-19患者出院两个月后在特定功能和心理参数方面可能出现的改善情况。
在两个时间点进行了各种运动、认知和临床测量，如身体成分、张力肌电图、血压、肺活量测定、握力测试、定时起立行走测试、步速、30秒坐立测试和蒙特利尔认知评估。此外，还进行了SARC-CalF测试、埃德蒙顿衰弱量表、国际体力活动问卷和地中海生活方式指数等问卷调查，以评估生活方式特征。
纳入了2020年12月至2021年4月期间在斯洛文尼亚伊佐拉综合医院（IGH）因COVID-19住院的39例患者（男性占87.2%；平均年龄59.1±10.3岁）。在两个时间点（T1和T2）对患者进行了评估：T1在COVID-19检测呈阴性后进行，T2在T1后两个月进行。经过两个月的自我康复，我们发现体重指数（BMI）增加（P<0.001）、去脂体重增加（P<0.001）、埃德蒙顿衰弱量表评分改善（P<0.001）、SARC-CalF评分（P=0.014）和蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评分（P=0.014）。生活习惯和体能测试均未发现变化。
众所周知，无论疾病处于何种阶段，COVID-19都会产生长期负面影响。我们的研究结果支持这样一种观点，即患者如果不接受有组织或有监督的康复治疗，在两个月内无法完全恢复所有功能。因此，为患者提供包括临床、认知和运动锻炼在内的全面且有组织的康复治疗至关重要。
