Kowal Mateusz, Morgiel Ewa, Winiarski Sławomir, Gieysztor Ewa, Madej Marta, Sebastian Agata, Madziarski Marcin, Wedel Nicole, Proc Krzysztof, Madziarska Katarzyna, Wiland Piotr, Paprocka-Borowicz Małgorzata
Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 3, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2023 Jun 21;12(13):4184. doi: 10.3390/jcm12134184.
The total number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is over 621 million in the world. In approximately 63% of cases, the patient still experiences persistent symptoms 30 days after the onset of symptoms or hospitalisation, and 45.9% of patients have experienced or will experience symptoms for at least three months. Despite the prevalence of chronic symptoms and pathological changes that may affect gait and functional mobility in people with a history of COVID-19, there are few publications investigating the impact of these abnormalities. This study aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on gait and the Timed-Up and Go Task.
A total of 30 individuals took part in the experiment. The subjects in the study group were infected with the COVID-19 virus and required hospital treatment. Prior to the study, the subjects had no chronic diseases or other conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system. The non-infected by COVID-19 group was a healthy population with no history of COVID-19 disease. The study used the inertial system wireless motion analysis system based on 15 inertial sensors (inertial measurement units, IMUs). IMU sensors were placed on the following body segments: head, sternum, middle and lower spine, shoulder, arm, forearm, hand, shank, for the left and right limb. Movement task reports generated from the recording were created using myoRESEARCH 3.10. The subjects in the study group were asked to perform a movement task test-the Timed-Up and Go Test (TUG): sit-to-stand, walk (3 m) without change in direction, walk termination, and stand-to-sit.
It took 46% longer for those infected by COVID-19 (participants) to complete the entire movement task compared to those in the not-infected by COVID-19 group. Sit-to-Stand Time [s] was greater in the infected by COVID-19 group and was 2.1 ± 0.7. Mean Walking Speed [m/s] was lower than in the not-infected by COVID-19 group and was 0.26 ± 0.07. Walking cadence [steps/min] was lower and was 21.2 ± 1.2. Infected by COVID-19 participants achieved a smaller anterior pelvic tilt angle ( < 0.001) and a smaller hip flexion angle ( = 0.025), with an increase in knee ( < 0.001) and ankle ( < 0.001) flexion angles.
Individuals in the infected by COVID-19 group present changes in the ranges of motion and the time to complete the TUG task, despite the fact that at least eight weeks passed after hospital discharge.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）病毒感染引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）确诊病例全球总数已超过6.21亿例。在大约63%的病例中，患者在症状出现或住院30天后仍有持续症状，45.9%的患者已经或将会出现至少三个月的症状。尽管有慢性症状以及可能影响有COVID-19病史者步态和功能活动能力的病理变化普遍存在，但很少有出版物研究这些异常情况的影响。本研究旨在确定COVID-19对步态和计时起立行走测试（Timed-Up and Go Task）的长期影响。
共有30名个体参与了实验。研究组的受试者感染了COVID-19病毒并需要住院治疗。在研究之前，受试者没有慢性疾病或其他影响肌肉骨骼系统的状况。未感染COVID-19组为无COVID-19疾病史的健康人群。本研究使用了基于15个惯性传感器（惯性测量单元，IMUs）的惯性系统无线运动分析系统。IMU传感器放置在以下身体部位：头部、胸骨、脊柱中下段、肩部、手臂、前臂、手部、小腿，左右肢体均有。从记录中生成的运动任务报告使用myoRESEARCH 3.10创建。研究组的受试者被要求进行一项运动任务测试——计时起立行走测试（TUG）：从坐到站、无方向改变地行走（3米）、行走终止以及从站到坐。
与未感染COVID-19组的个体相比，感染COVID-19的个体（参与者）完成整个运动任务所需时间长46%。COVID-19感染组的从坐到站时间[s]更长，为2.1±0.7。平均步行速度[m/s]低于未感染COVID-19组，为0.26±0.07。步行节奏[步/分钟]更低，为21.2±1.2。感染COVID-19的参与者实现的骨盆前倾角度更小（<0.001）和髋关节屈曲角度更小（=0.025），同时膝关节（<0.001）和踝关节（<0.001）屈曲角度增加。
尽管出院后至少过去了八周，但COVID-19感染组的个体在运动范围和完成TUG任务的时间方面仍存在变化。
