REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
ISPA-CNR, Institute of Sciences of Food Production of National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2023 Sep;22(5):3870-3909. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.13222. Epub 2023 Aug 7.
Dietary supplements are legally considered foods despite frequently including medicinal plants as ingredients. Currently, the consumption of herbal dietary supplements, also known as plant food supplements (PFS), is increasing worldwide and some raw botanicals, highly demanded due to their popularity, extensive use, and/or well-established pharmacological effects, have been attaining high prices in the international markets. Therefore, botanical adulteration for profit increase can occur along the whole PFS industry chain, from raw botanicals to plant extracts, until final PFS. Besides the substitution of high-value species, unintentional mislabeling can happen in morphologically similar species. Both cases represent a health risk for consumers, prompting the development of numerous works to access botanical adulterations in PFS. Among different approaches proposed for this purpose, mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques have often been reported as the most promising, particularly when hyphenated with chromatographic techniques. Thus, this review aims at describing an overview of the developments in this field, focusing on the applications of MS-based techniques to targeted and untargeted analysis to detect botanical adulterations in plant materials, extracts, and PFS.
膳食补充剂在法律上被视为食品，尽管它们经常将药用植物作为成分。目前，草药膳食补充剂（也称为植物性食品补充剂）的消费在全球范围内不断增加，一些由于其受欢迎程度、广泛使用和/或既定的药理作用而需求量大的天然植物原料在国际市场上价格居高不下。因此，为了增加利润，可能会在整个 PFS 产业链中发生植物性掺假，从天然植物原料到植物提取物，直到最终的 PFS。除了高价值物种的替代外，在形态相似的物种中也可能会发生非故意的错误标签。这两种情况都对消费者的健康构成威胁，促使人们开发了大量的工作来检查 PFS 中的植物性掺假。在为此目的提出的不同方法中，基于质谱（MS）的技术经常被报道为最有前途的方法，特别是当与色谱技术结合使用时。因此，本综述旨在描述该领域的发展概况，重点介绍基于 MS 的技术在靶向和非靶向分析中的应用，以检测植物材料、提取物和 PFS 中的植物性掺假。
