Khaledi Hassan, Rezaee Rita, Marzaleh Milad Ahmadi, Peyravi Mahmoudreza
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1275-8639.
Associate Professor of Medical Education, Clinical Education Research Center; Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9080-3629.
Am J Disaster Med. 2022;17(4):287-299. doi: 10.5055/ajdm.2022.0444.
Numerous disasters have occurred over the recent years. Moreover, there has been a considerable rise in the number of victims, injured people, and damages caused by disasters worldwide. Governments cannot meet needs alone due to the complicated nature of crises and accidents. Therefore, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and communities must assist the states during disasters. The present study aimed to derive the factors affecting the participation of NGOs in disaster management using a systematic review in 2022.
This systematic review was done using ISI, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, ProQuest, and Cochran Library based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews (PRISMA) standard from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2021. The articles were selected based on the search keywords (population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO)). After studying the titles, abstracts, and full texts of the articles, the factors affecting the participation of NGOs in disaster management were derived.
The final assessment was done on 13 articles. Cooperation and coordination with other organizations, education, communication between NGOs, social empowerment, access to adequate references, and flexibility were the criteria with the highest frequency.
As multiple NGOs take part in responding to disasters and performing relief operations, establishing a unified command and supervision system for effective coordination and collaborations among NGOs and other stakeholders is highly suggested. Further research is needed to develop a -measurement tool for assessing the effectiveness of NGOs' activities during disasters.
近年来发生了众多灾难。此外，全球范围内因灾难造成的受害者、受伤人员数量以及损失都大幅增加。由于危机和事故的复杂性，政府无法独自满足需求。因此，非政府组织（NGO）和社区在灾难期间必须协助各国。本研究旨在通过2022年的系统评价得出影响非政府组织参与灾害管理的因素。
本系统评价依据系统评价的首选报告项目（PRISMA）标准，于2000年1月1日至2021年12月31日期间，使用ISI、科学Direct、Scopus、PubMed/MEDLINE、ProQuest和Cochrane图书馆进行。文章根据搜索关键词（人群、干预、对照、结局（PICO））进行筛选。在研究文章的标题、摘要和全文后，得出影响非政府组织参与灾害管理的因素。
对13篇文章进行了最终评估。与其他组织的合作与协调、教育、非政府组织之间的沟通、社会赋权、获取充足参考资料以及灵活性是出现频率最高的标准。
由于多个非政府组织参与应对灾害和开展救援行动，强烈建议建立一个统一的指挥和监督系统，以实现非政府组织与其他利益相关者之间的有效协调与合作。需要进一步研究开发一种评估非政府组织在灾害期间活动有效性的测量工具。
