Triffoni-Melo Andresa de Toledo, Castro Margaret de, Jordão Alceu Afonso, Leandro-Merhi Vânia Aparecida, Dick-DE-Paula Ingrid, Diez-Garcia Rosa Wanda
Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Curso de Nutrição, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Clínica Médica - Endocrinologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
Arq Gastroenterol. 2023 Apr-Jun;60(2):163-171. doi: 10.1590/S0004-2803.202302022-96.
•Body weight and BMI decrease in both the EG and CG groups during the period of caloric restriction. •For both the EG and CG groups, fat-free mass decreases during food restriction. •Subjects on a high-fiber diet have reduced fasting glucose and basal insulin as well as improved insulin resistance, as attested by the lower HOMA-IR index. •Obese women on a high-fiber diet have suppressed postprandial (after 60 min) acylated ghrelin, confirming that the diet composition influences ghrelin levels from the first day. •In the present study, it was possible to verify that fasting leptin concentration diminishes in obese women on a high-fiber diet. Background - Several mechanisms, including excessive hunger, account for patients' difficulties in maintaining weight loss and dietary changes after caloric restriction. Objective - To evaluate the effect of short-term high-fiber calorie-restricted diet in appetite-regulating hormones, and hunger and satiety sensations in women with obesity. In a randomized controlled trial study, thirty women with body mass index (BMI) higher than 30 kg/m2, and aged from 20 to 50 years were hospitalized following a calorie-restricted diet (1000 kcal/day) for three days. The experimental group (n=15) received high-fiber diet and the control group (n=15), conventional diet. Results - Body weight, BMI, resting energy expenditure (REE), acylated and total ghrelin, leptin, insulin and glucose, and hunger and satiety sensations were evaluated. Linear regression models with mixed effects (fixed and random effects) helped to assess the variables between the two groups and within the groups. Body weight and BMI decreased in both the experimental and control groups (P<0.001). After the high-fiber diet, postprandial acylated ghrelin (P=0.04), glucose (P<0.001), insulin (P=0.04), and leptin (P=0.03) levels as well as the HOMA-IR index (P=0.01) decreased, whereas satiety improved (P=0.02). Obese women that followed the conventional diet had increased body fat percentage (P=0.04) and lower REE (P=0.02). The two diets did not differ in terms of hunger sensation. Conclusion - A short-term high-fiber diet improves satiety sensations and metabolic parameters while suppressing postprandial acylated ghrelin (60 minutes) and maintaining the resting energy expenditure.
•在热量限制期间，实验组（EG）和对照组（CG）的体重和体重指数（BMI）均下降。
•对于实验组和对照组，在食物限制期间无脂肪体重均下降。
•高纤维饮食的受试者空腹血糖和基础胰岛素水平降低，胰岛素抵抗改善，这通过较低的胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估指数（HOMA-IR）得以证实。
•高纤维饮食的肥胖女性餐后（60分钟后）酰化胃饥饿素受到抑制，这证实饮食组成从第一天起就会影响胃饥饿素水平。
•在本研究中，可以证实高纤维饮食的肥胖女性空腹瘦素浓度降低。
背景 - 包括过度饥饿在内的多种机制导致患者在热量限制后难以维持体重减轻和饮食变化。
目的 - 评估短期高纤维热量限制饮食对肥胖女性食欲调节激素以及饥饿和饱腹感的影响。
在一项随机对照试验研究中，30名体重指数（BMI）高于30kg/m²、年龄在20至50岁之间的女性按照热量限制饮食（1000千卡/天）住院三天。实验组（n = 15）接受高纤维饮食，对照组（n = 15）接受传统饮食。
结果 - 评估了体重、BMI、静息能量消耗（REE）、酰化和总胃饥饿素、瘦素、胰岛素和葡萄糖，以及饥饿和饱腹感。具有混合效应（固定效应和随机效应）的线性回归模型有助于评估两组之间以及组内的变量。实验组和对照组的体重和BMI均下降（P<0.001）。高纤维饮食后，餐后酰化胃饥饿素（P = 0.04）、葡萄糖（P<0.001）、胰岛素（P = 0.04）和瘦素（P = 0.03）水平以及HOMA-IR指数（P = 0.01）下降，而饱腹感改善（P = 0.02）。遵循传统饮食的肥胖女性体脂百分比增加（P = 0.04），REE降低（P = 0.02）。两种饮食在饥饿感方面没有差异。
结论 - 短期高纤维饮食可改善饱腹感和代谢参数，同时抑制餐后酰化胃饥饿素（60分钟）并维持静息能量消耗。
