Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Obes Surg. 2021 May;31(5):2030-2039. doi: 10.1007/s11695-020-05202-y. Epub 2021 Jan 9.
Fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) has been recently promoted to achieve similar metabolic changes of fasting. The purpose of our study was to compare the effect of FMD versus continuous energy restriction (CER) on anthropometric measurements, body composition, glucose metabolism, and serum levels of leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and total ghrelin.
A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted on 60 women with obesity aged 18-55 years. Subjects received either a 5-day FMD (low in energy, sugars, and proteins, but high in unsaturated fats) or a CER (an average daily energy deficit of 500 kcal) for 2 months. Anthropometric and biochemical factors were measured at baseline and the end of the study. Serum levels of leptin, total ghrelin, and NPY were tested with an ELISA kit. Physical activity and dietary intakes were also recorded.
There was no significant difference in weight loss between the two groups: mean weight change for CER was - 2.29 (standard deviation [SD], 1.95) kg compared to - 1.13 (2.27) kg for FMD (p = 0.06). There was more reduction in the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in the CER group (p = 0.045). Favorable effects on fat mass and muscle mass were only seen in the FMD group. Although insulin resistance was reduced in the FMD group compared to the CER group, results were not significant after adjustment. After controlling for potential confounders, there was a significant increase in serum levels of total ghrelin (p = 0.048) and NPY (p = 0.041) following CER; however, results for circulating leptin were not statistically significant (p = 0.48).
There was no significant difference in weight loss following FMD and CER. However, FMD was more effective at reducing insulin resistance and regulating appetite-regulating hormones as well as preserving muscle mass and BMR.
This trial was registered at the Iranian Clinical Trial Registry ( https://www.irct.ir/trial/40881 ) with the IRCT identification number IRCT20190717044244N1.
限时进食模拟饮食（FMD）最近被推广用于实现类似的禁食代谢变化。本研究的目的是比较 FMD 与持续能量限制（CER）对人体测量学、身体成分、葡萄糖代谢以及瘦素、神经肽 Y（NPY）和总胃饥饿素血清水平的影响。
对 60 名年龄在 18-55 岁的肥胖女性进行了一项随机对照试验（RCT）。受试者接受为期 2 个月的 5 天 FMD（能量、糖和蛋白质含量低，但不饱和脂肪含量高）或 CER（平均每天能量亏空 500 卡路里）。在基线和研究结束时测量人体测量学和生化因素。使用 ELISA 试剂盒检测瘦素、总胃饥饿素和 NPY 的血清水平。还记录了身体活动和饮食摄入量。
两组体重减轻无显著差异：CER 组平均体重变化为-2.29（标准差 [SD]，1.95）kg，而 FMD 组为-1.13（2.27）kg（p=0.06）。CER 组基础代谢率（BMR）的下降更为明显（p=0.045）。只有 FMD 组的脂肪量和肌肉量有明显减少。与 CER 组相比，FMD 组的胰岛素抵抗有所降低，但调整后差异无统计学意义。在控制潜在混杂因素后，CER 组总胃饥饿素（p=0.048）和 NPY（p=0.041）血清水平显著升高；然而，循环瘦素水平的结果无统计学意义（p=0.48）。
FMD 和 CER 后体重减轻无显著差异。然而，FMD 在降低胰岛素抵抗和调节食欲调节激素以及维持肌肉量和 BMR 方面更为有效。
该试验在伊朗临床试验注册中心（https://www.irct.ir/trial/40881）注册，注册号为 IRCT20190717044244N1。
