Mengi Çelik Özge, Köksal Eda, Aktürk Müjde
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
BMC Nutr. 2023 Aug 9;9(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s40795-023-00753-6.
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a current popular dietary strategy for noncommunicable diseases. However, studies demonstrated contradictory results for it and in all dietary strategies, diet quality is an the important part of the well-being. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of TRE and energy-restricted diet (ERD) on the nutritional status and diet quality of individuals.
This pilot study was completed 23 healthy overweight female. Anthropometric and body composition measurements of individuals were taken. The energy expenditure was measured using indirect calorimetry. Blood pressure and heart rate measurements were made. Biochemical parameters were evaluated and food consumption were taken. The quality of dietary intake was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) -2015. The physical activity levels of the individuals were estimated using the physical activity record. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 22.0) software was used for all analyses. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
After 8 weeks of intervention, while no change was observed in the diet quality of the individuals in the TRE group (p > 0.05), a significant increase was found in the diet quality score of the individuals in the ERD group (p < 0.05). There was a 3.2% and 5.5% decrease in body weight of individuals in the TRE and ERD groups, respectively (p < 0.05). While no significant change was observed in the body fat percentage of individuals in the TRE group (p > 0.05), a 7.1% decrease was observed in the ERD group (p < 0.05). A statistically significant decrease was found in the total cholesterol (3.7%) in the ERD group, and in the total cholesterol (6.7%) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (6.5%) in the TRE group. In addition, a statistically significant increase was found in adiponectin (77.3%) and total antioxidant status (TAS) (13.2%) in the ERD group.
Energy-restricted diet yielded better results in weight loss and improvement of body composition and diet quality compared to TRE. Also, a decrease in total cholesterol level was found in the ERD group. However, more studies should be done with longer follow-ups and high sample sizes are very important in terms of creating public health-based recommendations.
限时进食（TRE）是目前一种流行的针对非传染性疾病的饮食策略。然而，研究表明其结果存在矛盾，并且在所有饮食策略中，饮食质量都是健康的重要组成部分。我们的研究旨在调查限时进食和能量限制饮食（ERD）对个体营养状况和饮食质量的影响。
这项初步研究纳入了23名健康的超重女性。对个体进行了人体测量和身体成分测量。使用间接测热法测量能量消耗。测量血压和心率。评估生化参数并记录食物摄入量。使用2015年健康饮食指数（HEI）评估饮食摄入质量。通过身体活动记录估计个体的身体活动水平。所有分析均使用社会科学统计软件包（版本22.0）。p值小于0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
经过8周的干预，TRE组个体的饮食质量未观察到变化（p>0.05），而ERD组个体的饮食质量得分显著增加（p<0.05）。TRE组和ERD组个体的体重分别下降了3.2%和5.5%（p<0.05）。TRE组个体的体脂百分比未观察到显著变化（p>0.05），而ERD组观察到下降了7.1%（p<0.05）。ERD组的总胆固醇下降了3.7%，具有统计学意义，TRE组的总胆固醇下降了6.7%，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）下降了6.5%。此外，ERD组的脂联素增加了77.3%，总抗氧化状态（TAS）增加了13.2%，具有统计学意义。
与限时进食相比，能量限制饮食在体重减轻、身体成分改善和饮食质量方面产生了更好的效果。此外，ERD组的总胆固醇水平有所下降。然而，应该进行更多随访时间更长的研究，并且就制定基于公共卫生的建议而言，大样本量非常重要。
