Haganes Kamilla L, Devlin Brooke L, Orr Rosalie K, Moholdt Trine
Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Women's Clinic, St. Olav's Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 8;17(2):218. doi: 10.3390/nu17020218.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Inadequate micronutrient intakes are common in individuals with overweight/obesityand can exacerbate cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk. Diet and exercise are primary strategies for managing overweight and may influence nutrient intakes. In this secondary analysis of dietary data collected in a randomized controlled trial (RCT, ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04019860), 15 June 2019) of time-restricted eating (TRE), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), a combination (TREHIIT), or a control group (CON), we investigated intervention effects on energy and nutrient intakes in women with overweight/obesity.
We randomized 131 women (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m) to 7 weeks of TRE (≤10-h daily eating window with ad libitum energy intake), HIIT (3 sessions/week, performed at ≥90% maximal heart rate), TREHIIT, or CON. Participants recorded all energy intake in an online food diary during a baseline week (week 0) and at the end of the study (week 6 and week 7). We investigated between-group differences in changes in mean energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes.
TRE had reduced intakes of potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus compared with CON ( < 0.01). TREHIIT had non-significant reduced intakes of potassium, thiamine, magnesium, copper, and phosphorus (0.01< < 0.05). HIIT alone did not negatively impact micronutrient intakes. TRE and TREHIIT induced suboptimal intakes for a greater number of micronutrients compared with HIIT and CON.
A ≤10-h TRE window might increase the risk of micronutrient inadequacy in women with overweight/obesity. Future research is needed to investigate the effects of integrating nutritional guidelines with TRE interventions to mitigate the risk of micronutrient inadequacy in individuals with overweight/obesity.
背景/目的：超重/肥胖个体中微量营养素摄入不足的情况很常见，这可能会加剧心血管疾病和代谢疾病风险。饮食和运动是控制超重的主要策略，可能会影响营养素摄入。在这项对一项随机对照试验（RCT，ClinicalTrials.gov（NCT04019860），2019年6月15日）中收集的饮食数据进行的二次分析中，该试验涉及限时进食（TRE）、高强度间歇训练（HIIT）、二者结合（TREHIIT）或对照组（CON），我们研究了这些干预措施对超重/肥胖女性能量和营养素摄入的影响。
我们将131名女性（体重指数（BMI）≥27kg/m²）随机分为接受7周的TRE（每日进食窗口≤10小时，能量摄入随意）、HIIT（每周3次，心率达到最大心率的≥90%）、TREHIIT或CON。参与者在基线周（第0周）以及研究结束时（第6周和第7周）在在线食物日记中记录所有能量摄入。我们研究了组间平均能量、宏量营养素和微量营养素摄入量变化的差异。
与CON组相比，TRE组的钾、镁和磷摄入量减少（P<0.01）。TREHIIT组的钾、硫胺素、镁、铜和磷摄入量有不显著的减少（0.01<P<0.05）。单独的HIIT对微量营养素摄入没有负面影响。与HIIT组和CON组相比，TRE组和TREHIIT组导致更多微量营养素摄入不足。
≤10小时的TRE窗口可能会增加超重/肥胖女性微量营养素摄入不足的风险。未来需要开展研究，以调查将营养指南与TRE干预措施相结合的效果，从而降低超重/肥胖个体微量营养素摄入不足的风险。
