Lou Hu, Liu Xue, Liu Ping
School of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jul 25;14:1143827. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1143827. eCollection 2023.
Appropriate physical activities and a biodiversity-rich environment are conducive to the relief of psychological stress, and pro-nature physical activities are a combination of the two, which has good application potential in antagonizing psychological stress, but the intervention mechanism is still unclear. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is cyclically associated with psychological stress, and psychological stress can affect the microbiota through the gut-brain pathway, and conversely, the microbiota can also affect the psychological stress-induced symptoms. It is suggested that the microbe-gut-brain axis may provide a new perspective and target for the treatment of psychological stress-related diseases. Pro-nature physical activity can improve the number of Firmicutes, short-chain fatty acids, Akkermansia bacteria, and the gut-brain barrier and further affect the HPA axis, BDNF, and serotonin pathways of gut-brain two-way communication, thereby maintaining the body's homeostasis and reducing antagonistic psychological stress. According to the comprehensive influence of physical activities on the microbiota-gut-brain axis, a "green + exercise prescription hypothesis" in line with the holistic medical concept is revealed, which is expected to be effective in the prevention, alleviation, and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases. It provides new means for treating psychological stress-related diseases such as mental disorders and mood disorders. In addition, it enlightens the construction of green infrastructure that is conducive to the diversified contact of microorganisms in outdoor physical activities venues and induces healthy interaction between the human body and the microbial population in the natural ecology. However, the current research is still in its early stages, and the intervention effect and mechanism of pro-nature physical activities need further demonstration in the future.
适当的体育活动和生物多样性丰富的环境有利于缓解心理压力，亲自然体育活动是两者的结合，在对抗心理压力方面具有良好的应用潜力，但干预机制尚不清楚。微生物-肠道-脑轴与心理压力呈周期性关联，心理压力可通过肠-脑途径影响微生物群，反之，微生物群也可影响心理压力诱发的症状。提示微生物-肠道-脑轴可能为心理压力相关疾病的治疗提供新的视角和靶点。亲自然体育活动可提高厚壁菌门、短链脂肪酸、阿克曼氏菌的数量以及肠-脑屏障，并进一步影响肠-脑双向通讯的HPA轴、脑源性神经营养因子和血清素途径，从而维持机体的稳态并减轻对抗性心理压力。根据体育活动对微生物-肠道-脑轴的综合影响，揭示了符合整体医学理念的“绿色+运动处方假说”，有望对肠易激综合征和神经退行性疾病的预防、缓解及治疗有效。它为治疗精神障碍和情绪障碍等心理压力相关疾病提供了新手段。此外，它启发了绿色基础设施的建设，有利于户外体育活动场所中微生物的多样化接触，并诱导人体与自然生态中的微生物群体进行健康互动。然而，目前的研究仍处于早期阶段，亲自然体育活动的干预效果和机制未来还需进一步论证。
