USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Biomolecular Medicine, Section of Bioinformatics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
J Nutr. 2023 Oct;153(10):2797-2807. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.07.013. Epub 2023 Aug 9.
Avocado consumption is linked to better glucose homeostasis, but small associations suggest potential population heterogeneity. Metabolomic data capture the effects of food intake after digestion and metabolism, thus accounting for individual differences in these processes.
To identify metabolomic biomarkers of avocado intake and to examine their associations with glycemia.
Baseline data from 6224 multi-ethnic older adults (62% female) included self-reported avocado intake, fasting glucose and insulin, and untargeted plasma proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic features (metabolomic data were available for a randomly selected subset; N = 3438). Subsequently, incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) was assessed over an ∼18 y follow-up period. A metabolome-wide association study of avocado consumption status (consumer compared with nonconsumer) was conducted, and the relationship of these features with glycemia via cross-sectional associations with fasting insulin and glucose and longitudinal associations with incident T2D was examined.
Three highly-correlated spectral features were associated with avocado intake at metabolome-wide significance levels (P < 5.3 ∗ 10) and combined into a single biomarker. We did not find evidence that these features were additionally associated with overall dietary quality, nor with any of 47 other food groups (all P > 0.001), supporting their suitability as a biomarker of avocado intake. Avocado intake showed a modest association only with lower fasting insulin (β = -0.07 0.03, P = 0.03), an association that was attenuated to nonsignificance when additionally controlling for body mass index (kg/m). However, our biomarker of avocado intake was strongly associated with lower fasting glucose (β = -0.22 0.02, P < 2.0 ∗ 10), lower fasting insulin (β = -0.17 0.02, P < 2.0 ∗ 10), and a lower incidence of T2D (hazard ratio: 0.68; 0.63-074, P < 2.0 ∗ 10), even when adjusting for BMI.
Highly significant associations between glycemia and avocado-related metabolomic features, which serve as biomarkers of the physiological impact of dietary intake after digestion and absorption, compared to modest relationships between glycemia and avocado consumption, highlights the importance of considering individual differences in metabolism when considering diet-health relationships.
鳄梨的消费与更好的葡萄糖稳态有关，但小的关联表明存在潜在的人群异质性。代谢组学数据捕捉到食物摄入在消化和代谢后的影响，从而解释了这些过程中个体差异。
确定鳄梨摄入的代谢组学生物标志物，并研究它们与血糖的关系。
6224 名多民族老年人（62%为女性）的基线数据包括自我报告的鳄梨摄入量、空腹血糖和胰岛素以及非靶向血浆质子核磁共振代谢组学特征（代谢组学数据可用于随机选择的亚组；N=3438）。随后，在大约 18 年的随访期间评估了 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的发病情况。进行了一项关于鳄梨消费状况（消费者与非消费者）的代谢组学全基因组关联研究，并通过与空腹胰岛素和血糖的横断面关联以及与 T2D 发病的纵向关联，研究了这些特征与血糖的关系。
三个高度相关的光谱特征在代谢组学全基因组显著水平（P < 5.3 ∗ 10）与鳄梨摄入相关，并组合成一个单一的生物标志物。我们没有发现这些特征与整体饮食质量或其他 47 种食物组（均 P > 0.001）有额外关联的证据，这支持了它们作为鳄梨摄入量生物标志物的适用性。鳄梨的摄入量仅与较低的空腹胰岛素（β=-0.07 0.03，P=0.03）有适度的关联，当同时控制体重指数（kg/m）时，这种关联减弱至无统计学意义。然而，我们的鳄梨摄入量生物标志物与较低的空腹血糖（β=-0.22 0.02，P<2.0 ∗ 10）、较低的空腹胰岛素（β=-0.17 0.02，P<2.0 ∗ 10）和较低的 T2D 发病率（风险比：0.68；0.63-0.74，P<2.0 ∗ 10）有很强的关联，即使在调整了 BMI 之后也是如此。
血糖与鳄梨相关代谢组学特征之间存在显著关联，这些特征是消化和吸收后饮食摄入对生理影响的生物标志物，而血糖与鳄梨摄入之间的关系则较为温和，这突出表明在考虑饮食与健康的关系时，考虑个体差异的新陈代谢非常重要。
