Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, MA.
USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Sleep. 2018 Nov 1;41(11). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsy158.
Sleep duration and sleep quality are important predictors of risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). One potential link between sleep health and CVD is through lifestyle factors such as diet. To clarify the association between diet and sleep, we assessed the associations of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms with current Mediterranean-style diet (aMed) and with historical changes in aMed score. Actigraphy-measured sleep duration and self-reported insomnia symptoms categorized as insomnia with short sleep (<6 hr/night), insomnia without short sleep, no insomnia with short sleep, and no insomnia or short sleep were obtained from 2068 individuals who also had dietary intake data. A 10-point aMed score, derived from a self-report food frequency questionnaire, was collected concurrently with the sleep assessment and 10 years before. Compared with individuals who currently reported a low aMed score, those with a moderate-high aMed score were more likely to sleep 6-7 vs. <6 hr/night (p < 0.01) and less likely to report insomnia symptoms occurring with short sleep (vs. no insomnia or short sleep alone; p < 0.05). An increase in aMed score over the preceding 10 years was not associated with sleep duration or insomnia symptoms. However, compared with those with decreasing aMed score, individuals with an unchanging score reported fewer insomnia symptoms (p ≤ 0.01). These results suggest that a Mediterranean-style diet is associated with adequate sleep duration, less insomnia symptoms, and less likely to have insomnia accompanied by short sleep. Further research should identify possible mediators through which diet may promote adequate sleep duration and reduce the risk of insomnia.
睡眠时长和睡眠质量是心血管疾病 (CVD) 风险的重要预测因素。睡眠健康与 CVD 之间的一个潜在联系是通过生活方式因素，如饮食。为了阐明饮食与睡眠之间的关系，我们评估了睡眠时长和失眠症状与当前地中海式饮食 (aMed) 以及 aMed 评分历史变化之间的关联。从 2068 名参与者中获得了通过活动记录仪测量的睡眠时长和自我报告的失眠症状，这些参与者还具有饮食摄入数据。10 分制的 aMed 评分是从自我报告的食物频率问卷中得出的，与睡眠评估同时收集，并在 10 年前收集。与当前报告低 aMed 评分的个体相比，目前报告中等到高 aMed 评分的个体更有可能睡眠 6-7 小时/晚，而不是 <6 小时/晚 (p < 0.01)，并且不太可能报告出现短睡眠的失眠症状 (与单独无失眠或短睡眠相比；p < 0.05)。在过去 10 年中 aMed 评分的增加与睡眠时长或失眠症状无关。然而，与 aMed 评分下降的个体相比，评分不变的个体报告的失眠症状较少 (p ≤ 0.01)。这些结果表明，地中海式饮食与充足的睡眠时长、较少的失眠症状以及不太可能出现伴有短睡眠的失眠有关。进一步的研究应该确定饮食可能通过哪些机制来促进充足的睡眠时长并降低失眠风险。
