Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.
BMC Genom Data. 2023 Aug 10;24(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s12863-023-01144-3.
Vernalization, as a vital process in the life cycle of winter cereal, has important effects on floral organ formation and flowering time. Many morphological changes together with molecular changes occur during the vernalization period. Here, we used transcriptome sequencing to analyze the transcriptomic changes in wheat leaves before, during and after vernalization using the winter wheat cultivar 'Shiluan02-1'.
A total of 16,370 differentially expressed genes were obtained across different vernalization periods. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that photoperiodism, photoprotection, photosynthesis, lipid transport and biosynthetic process, and chlorophyll metabolic process were closely related to vernalization. In addition, AP2/ERF, C2H2, bHLH, WRKY, MYB, MYB-related, and NAC transcription factors were significantly enriched during vernalization, and the transcription factor expression patterns suggested the intricate regulation of transcription factor modules in plant vernalization pathways. Analysis of gene expression patterns of the MADS-box transcription factor genes showed different expression patterns during vernalization phases, among which VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1) genes were found to gradually increase during vernalization periods from V0 to V35, while decline in the V42 phase, then increase after vernalization. The Tavrt-2 gene cooperated with Tavrn1 to regulate flowering induced by vernalization, and its expression level was rapidly increased by vernalization but declined in the V42 phase and then increased after vernalization. Some genes from the ICE-CBF-COR pathway were also identified, and additional analysis indicated that some key genes related to phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction were enriched during the vernalization period, such as gibberellic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling pathway genes.
Our study provides valuable molecular information for future studies on wheat vernalization regulation and also serves as an excellent reference for future wheat breeding.
春化作用是冬性谷类作物生命周期中的一个重要过程，对花器官形成和开花时间有重要影响。在春化期间，许多形态变化与分子变化同时发生。在这里，我们使用转录组测序技术，以冬小麦品种‘Shiluan02-1’为研究对象，分析了春化过程中叶片的转录组变化。
在不同的春化时期共获得了 16370 个差异表达基因。基因本体论富集分析表明，光周期、光保护、光合作用、脂质运输和生物合成过程以及叶绿素代谢过程与春化密切相关。此外，在春化过程中，AP2/ERF、C2H2、bHLH、WRKY、MYB、MYB 相关和 NAC 转录因子显著富集，转录因子表达模式表明植物春化途径中转录因子模块的精细调控。MADS-box 转录因子基因的表达模式分析表明，在春化阶段的不同表达模式，其中 VERNALIZATION1（VRN1）基因在 V0 到 V35 的春化期间逐渐增加，而在 V42 阶段下降，然后在春化后增加。Tavrt-2 基因与 Tavrn1 合作调节春化诱导的开花，其表达水平在春化后迅速增加，但在 V42 阶段下降，然后在春化后增加。还鉴定了 ICE-CBF-COR 途径的一些基因，进一步分析表明，春化期间，一些与植物激素生物合成和信号转导相关的关键基因如赤霉素、乙烯、脱落酸和茉莉酸生物合成和信号通路基因也得到了富集。
本研究为小麦春化调控的未来研究提供了有价值的分子信息，也为未来的小麦育种提供了极好的参考。
