Deepika Gujjarlapudi, Adarsh Singamsetty, Sadhana Yelamanchili, Srihitha Mahavadi, Veeraiah Namburu, Reddy Duvvur Nageshwar
Department of Biochemistry, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Department of Critical Care Medicine, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
J Lab Physicians. 2023 Feb 6;15(3):377-382. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1761454. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Vaccination has shown to be protective against severe coronavirus disease 2019 by various studies. However, the vaccine efficacy was demonstrated to be less against the emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Both vaccine- and infection-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 may prevent reinfection and severity. Our study aims to assess and compare the humoral response in heterogeneous population based on infection and vaccination status along with hybrid immunity. A retrospective, observational study of 2,545 adults was conducted. The study groups comprised of group I ( = 309) naive with a single dose of vaccination, group II ( = 357) infected and unvaccinated, group III ( = 590) completely vaccinated with two doses of vaccine, group IV ( = 70) booster dose, group V ( = 602) with hybrid immunity (pre-vaccination infection), and group VI ( = 617) with breakthrough infection (post-vaccination infection). Data pertaining to demographic details, clinical presentations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies immunoglobulin G (IgG), neutralizing antibodies by anti SARS-CoV-2 sVNT (surrogate virus neutralization test), S1/S2IgG, S-RBD (receptor-binding domain), and ChAdOx1-nCov-19 (Covishield) vaccination were retrieved from electronic health records. The mean levels of neutralizing antibodies of group V were S1/S2, RBD (10.5/14.3 times), and sVNT (84.44%) and group VI had S1/S2, RBD (11.4/11.8 times), and sVNT (78.07%) when compared to group III. We also observed a statistically significant higher immune response in group V and VI than group I and II. A higher percentage (18.2%) of group II individuals had severe disease when compared to group V and VI (6.5/10.8%). A single dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine gives robust antibody responses in previously infected individuals and may confer long-term hybrid immunity following booster vaccination.
多项研究表明，接种疫苗可预防重症2019冠状病毒病。然而，疫苗效力在对抗严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的新变种时有所降低。疫苗诱导的和感染诱导的针对SARS-CoV-2的免疫力均可预防再次感染和病情加重。我们的研究旨在评估和比较基于感染和疫苗接种状态以及混合免疫的异质人群中的体液反应。
对2545名成年人进行了一项回顾性观察研究。研究组包括：第一组（n = 309）为仅接种一剂疫苗的未感染人群；第二组（n = 357）为感染但未接种疫苗的人群；第三组（n = 590）为完全接种两剂疫苗的人群；第四组（n = 70）为接种加强针的人群；第五组（n = 602）为具有混合免疫（接种疫苗前感染）的人群；第六组（n = 617）为发生突破性感染（接种疫苗后感染）的人群。从电子健康记录中检索了有关人口统计学细节、临床表现、逆转录聚合酶链反应、抗SARS-CoV-2总抗体免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、通过抗SARS-CoV-2替代病毒中和试验（sVNT）检测的中和抗体、S1/S2IgG、S受体结合域（RBD）以及ChAdOx1-nCoV-19（科维希尔德疫苗）接种情况的数据。
与第三组相比，第五组中和抗体的平均水平为S1/S2、RBD（分别为10.5/14.3倍）和sVNT（84.44%），第六组为S1/S2、RBD（分别为11.4/11.8倍）和sVNT（78.07%）。我们还观察到，第五组和第六组的免疫反应在统计学上显著高于第一组和第二组。与第五组和第六组（分别为6.5%/10.8%）相比，第二组中更高比例（18.2%）的个体患有严重疾病。
单剂ChAdOx1疫苗可在既往感染个体中产生强烈的抗体反应，并在接种加强针后可能赋予长期的混合免疫。
