Nicholas Hannah Larissa, Mabbett Ian, Apsey Henry, Robertson Iain
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK.
Department of Geography, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK.
Gates Open Res. 2022 Dec 13;6:96. doi: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13727.2. eCollection 2022.
: The dumping of untreated faecal sludge from non-sewered onsite sanitation facilities causes environmental pollution and exacerbates poor public health outcomes across developing nations. Long-term mechanisms to treat faecal sludge generated from these facilities are needed to resolve the global sanitation crisis and realize the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 "ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all" by 2030. Pyrolysis of faecal sludge removes pathogens and generates biochar, which can be used as a soil enhancer. The properties of faecal sludge biochars from three full-scale treatment plants in India were determined via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD), proximate analyses, and BET surface area porosimetry. Results showed that all three biochars had low specific surface area, high alkaline pH values, high ash content, and negative surface charge. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed the same surface functional groups present in each biochar. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the mineral composition of each biochar differed slightly. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated a porous structure of each biochar with ash particles evident. Slight differences in the ash content, surface area, pH and mineral content was observed between the three biochars.
来自无下水道的现场卫生设施的未经处理的粪便污泥倾倒造成了环境污染，并加剧了发展中国家糟糕的公共卫生状况。需要长期机制来处理这些设施产生的粪便污泥，以解决全球卫生危机，并在2030年前实现可持续发展目标6“确保人人享有水和环境卫生并对其进行可持续管理”。粪便污泥的热解可去除病原体并产生生物炭，生物炭可用作土壤改良剂。通过傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散X射线（EDX）光谱、晶体X射线衍射（XRD）、近似分析和BET表面积孔隙率测定法，确定了印度三个全规模处理厂的粪便污泥生物炭的特性。结果表明，所有三种生物炭的比表面积低、碱性pH值高、灰分含量高且表面带负电荷。傅里叶变换红外光谱显示每种生物炭中存在相同的表面官能团。X射线衍射分析表明，每种生物炭的矿物组成略有不同。扫描电子显微镜分析表明，每种生物炭都具有多孔结构，且有明显的灰分颗粒。观察到三种生物炭在灰分含量、表面积、pH值和矿物含量上存在细微差异。
