Unraveling the mechanism of tetrandrine combined with Buyang Huanwu Decoction against silicosis using network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses.

Silicosis is an incurable chronic disease characterized by lung fibrosis and inflammation. The combination of tetrandrine and Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) has a curative effect on silicosis. However, the mechanism of action and the key active constituent in BYHWD are still unclear. The present study employed network pharmacology and molecular docking to determine the mechanism of action and the key active components of BYHWD of Tetrandrine in combination with BYHWD for silicosis. The primary elements and targets of BYHWD were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and analysis platform. The targets associated with tetrandrine and silicosis were identified and extracted from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and GeneCards database. The potential targets for the treatment of silicosis using a combination of Tetrandrine and BYHWD were identified by considering the overlapping targets between compound drugs and silicosis. These targets were then utilized to construct protein-protein interaction networks, compound drug-ingredient-target networks, and perform enrichment analyses. The top 5 active ingredients present in the compound drug-ingredient-target network are tetrandrine, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, and beta-carotene. Similarly, the top 6 hub genes in the protein-protein interaction network are FGF2, MMP-9, MMP-1, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-6. The molecular docking suggested that the active components may easily access the active pocket of the hub gene. The in-silico investigation suggested that quercetin might be the active component in BYHWD responsible for therapeutic effectiveness against silicosis. This study identified the active compound and potential molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of BYHWD in combination with tetrandrine for treating silicosis. Notably, we found that quercetin may serve as the key compound in BYHWD for the treatment of silicosis.