Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Aug 1;6(8):e2328644. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.28644.
Parkinsonism and Parkinson disease (PD) are known to result from repetitive head impacts from boxing. Repetitive head impacts from American football may also be associated with increased risk of neurodegenerative pathologies that cause parkinsonism, yet in vivo research on the association between football play and PD is scarce and limited by small samples and equivocal findings.
To evaluate the association between football participation and self-reported parkinsonism or PD diagnosis.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study leveraged data from the online Fox Insight study. Participants completed online questionnaires and self-reported whether they currently had a diagnosis of Parkinson disease or parkinsonism by a physician or other health care professional. In November 2020, the Boston University Head Impact Exposure Assessment was launched for data collection on repetitive head impacts. Data used for this manuscript were obtained from the Fox Insight database on June 9, 2022. A total of 1875 men who endorsed playing any organized sport were included. Former athletes were divided into those who participated in football (n = 729 [38.9%]) and those who participated in other sports (reference group).
Self-reported participation in football, duration and level of football play, age at first exposure.
Logistic regression tested associations between PD status and history of football play, duration of football play, highest level played, and age at first exposure, controlling for age, education, history of diabetes or heart disease, body mass index, history of traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness, and family history of PD.
In this sample of 1875 men (mean [SD] age, 67.69 [9.84] years) enriched for parkinsonism or PD (n = 1602 [85.4%]), 729 (38.9%) played football (mean [SD] duration, 4.35 [2.91] years). History of playing football was associated with higher odds of having a parkinsonism or PD diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.19-2.17). Among the entire sample, longer duration of play was associated with higher odds of having a parkinsonism or PD diagnosis (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.19). Among football players, longer duration of football play (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02-1.23) and higher level of play (OR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.28-6.73) were associated with higher odds of having parkinsonism or PD.
In this cross-sectional study of participants enriched for PD, participation in football was associated with higher odds of having a reported parkinsonism or PD diagnosis.
已知拳击会导致帕金森病和帕金森病（PD）的帕金森症。美式足球的重复性头部撞击也可能与增加神经退行性病变的风险有关，这些病变会导致帕金森症，但足球比赛与 PD 之间的关联的体内研究很少且受到样本量小和结果不确定的限制。
评估足球参与与自我报告的帕金森症或 PD 诊断之间的关联。
设计、地点和参与者：这项横断面研究利用了在线 Fox Insight 研究的数据。参与者完成了在线问卷，并自我报告是否目前由医生或其他医疗保健专业人员诊断出患有帕金森病或帕金森症。2020 年 11 月，波士顿大学头部撞击暴露评估启动，以收集重复性头部撞击的数据。本文使用的数据于 2022 年 6 月 9 日从 Fox Insight 数据库中获得。共有 1875 名男性表示曾参加过任何有组织的运动。前运动员分为参加过足球（n=729[38.9%]）和参加过其他运动的运动员（参照组）。
自我报告的足球参与、足球参与的持续时间和水平、首次接触的年龄。
使用逻辑回归检验了 PD 状态与足球运动史、足球运动持续时间、最高运动水平和首次接触年龄之间的关联，控制了年龄、教育程度、糖尿病或心脏病史、体重指数、有或无意识丧失的创伤性脑损伤史以及 PD 的家族史。
在这项针对 1875 名男性（平均[标准差]年龄，67.69[9.84]岁）的样本中（帕金森症或 PD 发生率较高[n=1602[85.4%]），729 名（38.9%）人踢足球（平均[标准差]持续时间，4.35[2.91]年）。踢足球的历史与帕金森症或 PD 诊断的几率更高相关（比值比[OR]，1.61；95%CI，1.19-2.17）。在整个样本中，更长的运动持续时间与帕金森症或 PD 诊断的几率更高相关（OR，1.12；95%CI，1.06-1.19）。在足球运动员中，更长的足球运动持续时间（OR，1.12；95%CI，1.02-1.23）和更高的运动水平（OR，2.93；95%CI，1.28-6.73）与帕金森症或 PD 的几率更高相关。
在这项针对 PD 参与者的横断面研究中，参与足球与帕金森症或 PD 诊断的几率更高相关。
