Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2023 Sep 11;32(5):1961-1978. doi: 10.1044/2023_AJSLP-22-00333. Epub 2023 Aug 11.
Research indicates that when teaching grammatical forms to children, the verbs used to model specific grammatical inflections matter. When learning grammatical forms, children have higher performance when they hear many unique verb forms that vary in their frequency and phonological complexity. In this tutorial, we demonstrate a method for identifying and characterizing a large number of verbs based on their frequency and complexity.
We selected verbs from an open-access database of transcribed child language samples. We extracted verbs produced by 5- to 8.9-year-old children in four morphosyntactic contexts: regular past tense , third person singular , + verb+, and questions. We ranked verbs based on their frequency of occurrence across transcripts. We also coded the phonological complexity of each verb. We coded each verb as high or low frequency and high or low phonological complexity.
The synthesis yielded 129 unique verbs used in the regular past tense context, 107 verbs used in the third person singular - context, 69 verbs used in the + verb+ context, and 16 verbs used in the question context. We created tables for each form that include the frequency rankings and phonological complexity scores for every verb.
Clinicians may use the verb lists, frequency ratings, and phonological complexity scores to help identify verbs to incorporate into assessment and intervention sessions with children. Researchers and clinicians may use the step-by-step approach presented in the tutorial to identify verbs or other syntactic components used in different morphosyntactic contexts or produced by individuals of different demographics in different speaking contexts.
研究表明，在向儿童教授语法形式时，用于模拟特定语法屈折的动词很重要。在学习语法形式时，如果儿童听到许多在频率和语音复杂性上有所不同的独特动词形式，他们的表现会更高。在本教程中，我们展示了一种基于频率和复杂性来识别和描述大量动词的方法。
我们从一个公开获取的儿童语言转录样本数据库中选择动词。我们从四个形态句法语境中提取了 5 至 8.9 岁儿童生成的动词：规则过去式、第三人称单数、动词+和疑问句。我们根据跨转录的出现频率对动词进行排名。我们还对每个动词的语音复杂性进行了编码。我们将每个动词编码为高频或低频以及高或低的语音复杂性。
综合结果得到了 129 个在规则过去式语境中使用的独特动词、107 个在第三人称单数 - 语境中使用的动词、69 个在动词+语境中使用的动词和 16 个在疑问句语境中使用的动词。我们为每个形式创建了表格，其中包括每个动词的频率排名和语音复杂性得分。
临床医生可以使用动词列表、频率评分和语音复杂性得分来帮助识别要纳入儿童评估和干预会话的动词。研究人员和临床医生可以使用教程中介绍的逐步方法来识别动词或其他在不同形态句法语境中使用的句法成分，或者识别在不同说话语境中具有不同人口统计学特征的个体生成的动词。
