Gverović Antunica Antonela, Znaor Ljubo, Ivanković Mira, Puzović Velibor, Marković Irena, Kaštelan Snježana
Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Dubrovnik, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia.
Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Center, 21000 Split, Croatia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 27;24(15):12014. doi: 10.3390/ijms241512014.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common eye disease complication of diabetes, and hypovitaminosis D is mentioned as one of the risk factors. Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) are the best-known forms of vitamin D. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) is the active form of vitamin D, with the sun being one of its main sources. Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin by exposure to sunlight without protective factors, but care must be taken to avoid the development of sunburn. It not only plays an important role in maintaining healthy bones and immune system but has also been highlighted in numerous studies to have an influence on various diseases, including diabetic retinopathy. A large number of people suffer from vitamin D hypovitaminosis worldwide, and diagnosis is made by measuring the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in serum. Its deficiency can cause numerous diseases and, as such, supplementation is necessary. Clinical studies have proven the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, but with a doctor's recommendation and supervision due to possible negative side effects.
糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是糖尿病最常见的眼部疾病并发症，维生素D缺乏被认为是其危险因素之一。维生素D2（麦角钙化醇）和维生素D3（胆钙化醇）是最知名的维生素D形式。骨化三醇（1,25 - 二羟胆钙化醇）是维生素D的活性形式，阳光是其主要来源之一。在没有防护因素的情况下，皮肤通过暴露于阳光合成维生素D，但必须注意避免晒伤。它不仅在维持健康骨骼和免疫系统方面发挥重要作用，而且在众多研究中也被强调对包括糖尿病视网膜病变在内的各种疾病有影响。全球大量人群存在维生素D缺乏，通过测量血清中25 - 羟基维生素D（25(OH)D）的浓度进行诊断。其缺乏会导致多种疾病，因此有必要进行补充。临床研究已证明补充维生素D对治疗糖尿病视网膜病变有效，但由于可能存在负面副作用，需在医生的建议和监督下进行。
